The impossibility theorems of Arrow and Gibbard-Satterthwaite have been thought to rule out economic democracy and welfare economics. This paper demonstrates an information processing system which accords with the premises of these authors, and, consequently, proves their conclusions of impossibility to be untrue except as mathematical tautologies.

A document by Hye-Jin Jeon. Click on the document to view its contents.

The study evaluate the effects of capital budget implementation on infrastructural development.

Public open spaces are essential for residents’ social interactions and recreational activities, improving wellbeing as well as offering economic and environmental benefits. Saudi Arabia is aiming to enhance the quality of life in all its cities through different national programs and projects. One of the key performance indicators is increasing public open space per capita from 3.47 m2 to 3.9 m2 by 2020. This study measured the current public open space per inhabitant in Jeddah by using a geographic information system to identify the types of public open spaces that make up the per capita value in the city. Jeddah is located in a rapidly developing country, and it is a re-planned city where the current status of public open spaces falls short of users’ expectations and does not meet international standards. This study suggests that the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and municipalities should adopt a systematic approach to tackling the spatial distribution of open spaces in Saudi cities. In addition, there is a need for the proactive involvement of planners, landscape architects and designers in the planning process.

This discussion that follows in this paper is a critical review of the case study titled ‘ The New East End’ carried out by the suthors, Geoff Dench, Kate Gaveron and Michael Young and published in 2006

The Relationship Between School Principals’ Paternalistic Leadership and Teachers’ Job Burnout: An Action Research The aim of this study is to identify the extent of relationship between teachers’ evaluations concerning school principals’ paternalistic leadership level and teachers’ job burnout level and also to identify the underlying reasons and sources for this relationship. 192 school principals and 192 teachers, who work in state schools incorporating special education classes in two counties of a city of Turkey, have joined in quantitative dimension of this study carried through the action research paradigm and a research design like convergent parallel design. T-test, anova and inductive content analyses have been carried through collected data by favor of two likert scale for quantitative dimension and a semi-structured questions set for qualitative dimension. As a result of analyses, it is revealed that the more administrators’ paternalistic leadership level increases the less teachers’ job burnout level decreases reasonably and qualitative findings are explicit confirmations of quantitative findings. This study has been carried out by a research design like the mixed method consisting of quantitative and qualitative data collection along with analysis processes. The working group of this study is totally consisted of 217 participants of whom are 25 school principals’ s and 192 special education teachers, who work in state schools under the Ministry of National Education (MEB) incorporating special education classes in two counties of a city of Turkey. Whereas the research’s quantitative size constitutes all the special education teachers in the working group, its qualitative size constitutes 25 special education teachers and 25 school principals. Because of the fact that there are 12 counties in the city the research made and consequently the process of selecting just two counties in quantitative size has been made by simple random sampling method.

This is a qualitative research using action research approach. The study discussed and reviewed the Knowledge transfer theories and project knowledge transfer models and find gaps regarding correspondence of learning behaviors and training methodologies, in case of project management training. Considering the gap, the study proposed a customized strategy to develop,’Project Knowledge Transfer Frameworks’, according to project context and typologies. The proposed strategy reviewed by Expert’s through unstructured interviews. The Experts were selected using snowball technique and window model. The Expert’s review used to update and finalized the proposed customized project knowledge transfer development strategy. Finally, a case study discussed to show the implementation and significance of proposed strategy.

This paper investigates the relevant variables of firm financial leverage using a sample of 10 years of 218 firms data from Indonesian Stock Exchange which is one of the most performance stock markets in the period after the financial crisis 2008-2009.

A document by David J. Zucker. Click on the document to view its contents.

The aim of this study is to probe into the impact of extrinsic packaging cues (brand name, price, country of origin and precautionary label) on the quality perceptions of the consumers when the intrinsic qualities are not experienced yet. Consumer knowledge is used a moderator in the study. The study also aims to investigate the influence of the consumer knowledge as a moderator on the relationship between food packaging cues and perceived product quality. Survey was conducted using mall intercept method (n= 478) with a self- administered five point Likert scale questionnaire in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. SPSS and PLS were used for analyzing the data. In order to ensure the internal consistency of the variables Cronbach’s alpha was used. Among all the variables which were studied in theoretical framework, precautionary label came out to a strong extrinsic in contributing to the formation of product quality perceptions. Additionally, brand name and Price are also considered as important quality determining extrinsic cues. On the other hand, Country of origin as an extrinsic cue turned out to cast no impact on the quality perceptions in Pakistani consumer market. Among the interaction paths, consumer knowledge held a significant role for brand name and country of origin with perceived product quality. This study comprises of number of research limitations. The mall intercept method was utilized in which sample control is difficult. The data was collected from Rawalpindi and Islamabad which might pose a problem for generalizability. Along with the limitations, this study presents horizon for the future researchers by presenting a model of research which could be extended to other marketing contexts. The research revealed that, the schema of extrinsic packaging cues cast a deep impact on the product quality perceptions. The results imply that practitioners need to embed the extrinsic cues much intelligently as they tend to produce prior to the usage quality perceptions regarding the product. This study puts forth a significant understanding regarding the utility of extrinsic packaging cues in the determination of product quality perceptions. The paper provides insights from Pakistani market.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic self-efficacy levels of secondary education students. Relational screening model from quantitative research methods was used in this study. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 for Windows statistical software on the computer environment.

Suzanne Beauvais and William R. Robbins mutually contributed to this paper. The information for this paper is derived from period relevant primary and secondary sources as noted in the citations and bibliography, accessed through the resources of libraries and archives.

The Coffeeconomics index is an alternative index to evaluate the Coffee market structure behaviour from a microeconomic and macroeconomic perspective. Hence, the coffee market structure is formed by the interaction of four large players such as coffee producers (small, cooperatives, and large), coffee brokers, coffee sellers (large, medium, and small), and coffee consumers. The main objective is to evaluate the vulnerabilities of the coffee market structure as a whole through the application of the National Coffee Production Function (NCP-Function). Finally, we calculate the NCP-Function to evaluate the risk and vulnerability of the coffee market structure of Guatemala between 1928 and 2018 respectively.

George W. Norton, Jeffrey Alwang and William A. MastersEconomics of Agricultural DevelopmentWorld Food Systems and Resource Use2nd Edition,Routledge (Taylor and Francis Group), USA and Canada, 2010ISBN: 978-0-415-49424-3, 465 pp., Price: Not given. Description - Picture Book/InformationalReview – “Economics of Agricultural Development” is a comprehensive textbook to understand agriculture, its development and also to get idea of the world food systems. It also throws light on environmental and human consequences of agricultural development, international trade and capital flows. The book examines causes and effects of rapid population growth, persistent poverty and malnutrition in developing countries and solutions to these problems. It also focuses on the role of globalization in agriculture, poverty alleviation and the environment sustainability. The book is divided into five parts comprising of twenty chapters. In the first part titled “Dimensions of World Food and Development Problems” issues like poverty, environmental degradation, famines, and malnutrition were examined and how improvement in agriculture, educational changes and economic development influence developing countries regarding such issues. It also discusses how limited food supply is competing with rapidly growing population and why countries remain underdeveloped. In the second part “Development Theories and the Role of Agriculture” economic transformation from agriculture into other activities and the reasons for such transformation are discussed and also including the role of growth strategies and development theories in identifying the successive stages of growth process and recognition of role of agriculture in developing countries. It also stresses the importance of some economic growth models regarding this issue. The third part of the book “Agricultural Systems and Resource Use” explains the features of traditional agriculture and its implications and diverse character. A slight discussion about farming systems and their determinants is also given. Part three also explains how natural resources are being depleted by human action like deforestation, over-grazing and pollution and natural disasters like flooding, soil erosion and climate change and also some solutions to these problems. It also aims at exploring the role of education, family structure, and gender and children roles in agriculture in developing countries. Part four of the book named “Getting Agriculture Moving” throws light on several aspects of agriculture. First it defines some theories of agricultural development and affect of costs and collective action on both factor and product markets. It also shows how agricultural research generates improved technologies that raises agricultural productivity and also affects factors of production. The important role of land reforms, credit programs and new inputs in boosting agricultural production has also been explained. It also explores what approach the global economy should be taking regarding pricing policies and marketing systems. The last part of the book (part five), titled “Agricultural Development in an Interdependent World” explains how international trade is more beneficial and efficient as per proponents of freer trade and how it is worse as per proponents of trade restrictions. It also explains how international trade should be more accessible by removing constraints and barriers to international trade and also highlights some influences of macroeconomic policies on prices, and market margins. It also explains the positive effects of foreign aid and assistance on agriculture research and extension in developing countries. Chapter 20 titled, “Lessons and Perspectives” summarizes the various components required for agricultural development. It also discusses future prospectus for agricultural development.Main points the author highlighted in the bookRole of international trade or globalization of goods, services and capital flows for agricultural development in developing countries.Traditional agricultural practices and their impact on current farming system.Role of private and public agricultural research in generating improved technologies for agricultural development.Environmental and human consequences of agricultural development.Real world case studies, relevant photos and websites, important glossary and lot of recommended readings.Points, author didn’t cover in the bookA lot of issues (poverty, population, and credit and labor market, trade) discussed in the book but given only a slight touch. They should have been explained in a more detail.The book is world based but covers only a case of few countries and did not make a comparison of agricultural growth among countries.It did not mention the role of modern technology in agricultural development and positive effects of population on growth.It only mentioned two or three theories of international trade. There are a number of better theories which are not introduced.Impressions and suggestionsThe book covers almost all the aspects of modern agricultural development economics. It is well written and very systematically structured. A useful list of references and websites is given. The index at the end covers all the important topics. The book should be given a little more touch to make it a standard text. The topics should be explained in more detail and international comparisons be made.Criticism:The book has explained no doubt a lot of topics and also covers many case studies but it appears very little when we compare it book with some other books. Many important topics have not been highlighted in the book like methodological issues and governance of agricultural statistics. Organization of rural credit, impact of land reforms, administrative data and size of holdings in different countries should have been highlighted in the book. Another most important aspect that should have been covered in the book is the economic impact of agricultural research and extension on economic development of a country. There are other several important topics like information, incentives and the design of agricultural policies; and synthesis of agricultural trade economics that should have been covered.References:Robert Benedetti, Marco Bee, Giuseppe Espa and Federica Piersimoni (2010), “Agricultural Survey Methods ”, United Kingdom, Wiley.Bruce L. Gardener and Gordon C. Rausser (2002), “Handbook of Agricultural Economics ” Vol. 2B Agricultural and Food Policy, Elsevier, North Holland (N. H.).Datt and Sundharam (2010), “Indian Economy ”, New Delhi, S. Chand &Company Ltd.Christopher B. Barrett (2011), “Agricultural Development ”, Routledge.Reviewed By:Aijaz Ahmad Turrey Ph.D. Student at Centre for Studies in Economics and Planning, Central University of Gujarat. Email: [email protected] Cell: 07006512818 12/03/2019.

The cross-sectional study results reveal the importance of kawaii among Japanese women and positive aspects in consuming cute items; for working women, it was found, kawaii products help in dealing with stress and serve as a momentary gateway from the harsh world of everyday life to a romanticized world of one’s childhood and for younger women serve as a fashion statement.

Extant research has demonstrated that people with social anxiety exhibit attentional bias grounded in their metacognitive strategies when they are faced with internal and external threat stimuli. Based on this finding, the current study developed the Metacognition about Focused Attention in Social Anxiety Questionnaire (MFAQ) and investigated its reliability and validity.

This review essay was prepared following the 100th year anniversary of the Russian Revolution coinciding as it did with the Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. The book that the review essay revolves around is the memoir by the prominent Uruguayan poet Roberto Echavarren based on his recent on-site research in Russia. The topic I believe is timely as it addresses the problems of literary and artistic expression under exceptional conditions. This year, in China, these controversies that the Russian Revolution gave birth to are on center stage. The upcoming 100th year anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese Communist Party, in less than two years, will call attention to these issues again.

The data used is from a face-to-face survey (N=388) we conducted in January 2019, in the Beni-Makada district of Tangier, Morocco. The neighborhood is one of the most disadvantaged (World Bank. 2012), with the smallest per-capita green space of 0.27m2 in the city (OPEMH, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung foundation, 2016). The district is famous for the abundance of street potted gardens, widely mediatized during the 22nd conference of parties (COP22) organized in 2016 in Morocco. It houses more than 40% of Tangier’s population, mostly middle-low to low-income, living in individual houses (Modern Moroccan houses) built directly to the property line, 65% of urban families in Morocco live in the same housing type (RGPH 2014). All SPGs observed in the study area were present in the public domain, the vast majority were back to back with owners’ houses, except for two narrow streets where SPGs were at the center to barre access to cars. The questionnaire was tested and verified with focus groups in Arabic before being conducted in Morocco. The final version was composed of four parts and 36 questions. Part one inquired about PSGs size, age, maintenance, in addition to recreational activities done next to it. Part two had eighteen questions measuring neighborhood satisfaction, cleanliness, safety, noise annoyance social capital, neighborhood life quality, and belonging pride perception. In part three, we measured depression levels using the Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). And in part four, we had demographic questions. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 25.