Catering to a primarily male user population, Reddit is often said to be a breeding ground for toxic language use, which has led to the development of multiple computational classification models for the automated identification of toxicity in online conversations. Since negation can play a key role in cyberbullying, functioning as a popular stance marker in the dialogical exchange of dominating views in the digital sphere, it should not be ignored. Likewise, its use as a rhetorical strategy deserves more linguistic attention. Described as Engagement resources of disclaim in Appraisal theory, negated constructions may be employed by Reddit users to disalign themselves from divergent perspectives through so-called ad hominem attacks, not only resulting in a potentially detrimental impact on the users’ mental health, but also reproducing hegemonic relationships. Therefore, this paper examines the use of negation, in combination with various other interpersonal resources, to explore whether it is ideologically motivated. A computer-assisted appraisal analysis is conducted on 2,637 most upvoted comments and replies (49,866 words), extracted from the subreddit of r/AustralianPolitics between 11-14 April and 7-10 May 2022, during the period leading up to the so-called federal climate change election in Australia. The study appears to show evidence of a seemingly dominant negation pattern containing negative judgement and its findings tentatively suggest that some of the Australian users identifying as male may use negation as an ideologocially driven discursive strategy. This points to the possibility that the toxic language encountered on r/AustralianPolitics may be influenced by hegemonic masculinity.

This research compares how principals in Japan and Pakistan help teachers be happy at work. When principals are involved and supportive, teachers feel more motivated, appreciated, and encouraged, leading to higher job satisfaction and better performance. The study shows that principals in Japan are more supportive towards teachers than in Pakistan. Principal engagement and support are crucial for teachers’ work and job satisfaction, which can influence a school’s overall performance.

Using a phenomenological approach, this study aimed to understand how individuals experience participation in clinical trials from the perspective of participants by interviewing 11 experienced research participants. Analysts provided interpretive descriptions to share the narrative meaning of the participants’ experiences as participants of intervention trials. The results were organized into four categories: 1) decision to participate, 2) understanding the trial, 3) being marginalized, and 4) talking about meaning. The participants attach personal meaning to their participation experience. Their personal perspective of their willingness to participate and their unpleasant experiences may change through interactions with the researcher. Thus, the qualitative outcome reports will serve as a guide for ethical actions to be taken by researchers for the benefit of future participants.

The aim of this study was to assess the compliance status of corporate taxpayers in the year 2018 to 2022,  particularly those who have not declared taxes, filed nil tax notices and those who declared loss in Ministry of  Revenues, Ethiopia.

The primary purpose of this study is to present the methodology approach of research and the instruments utilized during the study. The methodology is regarded as a fundamental principle or philosophy guiding a study. On the other hand, epistemology refers to studying the nature of knowledge and justification. In layman’s language, epistemology dwells on understanding what we know alongside the theoretical perspectives that lead to decision-making upon conducting thorough research. The methodology always includes explanations, descriptions, and justifications for the procedures utilized within the study. This article intends to demonstrate how the chosen criteria help respond to the underlying sub-questions and questions. Furthermore, this chapter showcases all the data analysis procedures utilized within the study. The qualitative study method was utilized to collect evidence to understand the problem identified within this research from different angles. According to Burning (1995), a qualitative study refers to a research approach that gives room for various aspects to be evaluated by respondents, who are provided with a more open-ended opportunity to demonstrate their actions and views on the subject. The following section provides detailed information regarding different qualitative research strategies. This study employs the use of primary data collection in which the data collected is interviews and questionnaire. Questionnaire part will be generated and share to the target populations on the research topic. This study employs the use of primary data collection in which the data collected is interviews and questionnaire. Questionnaire part will be generated and share to the target populations on the research topic. A simple random sampling technique obtained a sample size of the desired height to represent the entire target population. Every individual who belonged to the target population was assign an opportunity to be part of the research despite the fact that the simple sampling technique determined them. Many procedures were employs on the sampled data so as to achieve accuracy and efficient result in regard to the given research questionnaire. The data was recorded, coded, analyzed, and interpreted using software like SPSS and Excel. Also, the test was run using t-test and Chi-square test to determine the efficacy of the data collected. While achieving this, the validity of the information gathered was approved as valid and unbiased. While anticipating engaging in a data collection procedure and identifying the participants for the study, the researcher was obliged to respect the participants and the locations for surveying by initially presenting a letter that sought permission from relevant authorities. Similarly, they were also obligated to apply for a research permit from the education and skills development ministry before undertaking the research.All figure used in these articles are self made by me coming out from the quantitative research part of the articles.

An analysis of a sample of 143 news stories and opinion pieces published in the first two months since ChatGPT’s release. The method of analysis is critical discursive psychology.

Faculty of Color are disproportionately underrepresented in the professoriate. This narrative study examines the experiences of seven self-identified Black full-time faculty with racial microaggressions at Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs), highlighting their struggles, and identifying individual and institutional strategies to combat racial microaggressions. The purpose of the study is to (1) expand the current literature base on racial microaggressions (2) to clarify the effects of racial microaggressions, and (3) to provide interventions to help victims and perpetrators of racial microaggressions. The target audience is institutes of higher education, faculty and administrators, and potential faculty in the higher education pipeline. The participants were recruited using purposive criterion and snowball sampling. In-depth semistructured interviews using open ended questions were used. Critical Race Theory is the theoretical framework. The four themes developed from the narratives are (1) cultural exclusion and diminished legitimacy in the workplace; (2) stress, resiliency and coping in a White dominated field; (3) power in academia; and (4) the intersection of identity including race and gender. The data revealed that cultural exclusion and diminished legitimacy in the workplace was the most prominent theme, and the intersection of identity, although important was the least. Limitations include the Black faculty participating in this study may differ from all Black faculty at all universities. Implications of the study is to improve understanding of racial microaggressions and to illuminate recommended interventions that support PoC to successfully navigate in the academy. Conclusion, the experiences noted in this study could be useful to those seeking faculty of color pursuing to work at PWIs, particularly Black faculty.

A key challenge to real-world policy making is determining how to match policy goals with the means available to implement them. This match is problematic for several reasons, not the least of which is the lack of  conceptual clarity surrounding how targets should be set for policy goals and how exactly policy tools should be calibrated to meet them. These subjects have been examined by a number of scholars, but  their insights have not been synthesized into a common framework, applicable in practice. This paper examines this literature and presents a framework which allows analysts and practitioners  to ensure that the designs they propose contain the necessary elements to have a significant chance of attaining policy success. The utility of the framework is illustrated through examination of two high profile recent cases of policy development: the Affordable Care Act in USA, and the regulation of car emissions in the EU.

The paper investigates the effect of the property taxation reform introduced in Sweden from 2006 to 2008 on the market price of the affected properties (one-family houses). We make an extensive empirical analysis of the tax capitalization effect, given that prior research has detected only partial capitalization and that there has been an extensive debate regarding the extent to which the tax gets capitalized into property market prices. In particular, the tax capitalization effect for single-family house prices was investigated by looking into various sub-groups of properties and doing extensive statistical inquiries into the property transaction data. Despite a relatively broad time period in which the reform took place, a jump in the market values of the affected properties is detectable in the fourth quarter of 2006. Our findings emphasise the importance of creating a representative data sample in analyzing and assessing the outcomes and impacts of policy interventions such as a taxation reform.

While looking at obscures populace means for two groups on a specific variable, at times it is difficult to investigate the data and it brings about the error of information. In this review research, the information was collected from various published articles regarding t-test. As it was a review research, no human participants were involved in collecting the data or to conduct research. Thus, no consent was required for collecting data from anyone. The review revealed that there are a few limitations to utilizing a two-sample independent t-test. In this article, these limitations have been examined.

Existing scholarship ignores relational interdependencies when attempting to understand the behaviour of non-state armed groups during civil war. This paper investigates the in- terconnected web of alliances and rivalries in the Yemen Civil War to answer the following question: why do armed groups fight each other? We employ a network approach to investigate determinants of intergroup violence. This emphasises the role of identity, arguing that operating in salient cleavages necessitates that groups align or distinguish themselves from each other. We further argue that informal cooperation incentivises violence the longer the war continues. These arguments are tested using pooled Exponential Random Graph Models to account for endogenous structures over time. Results indicate that shared identity is a significant driver of hostilities, moderating cooperation and amplifying the effects of group attributes. Robustness checks and simulations demonstrate that network models more accurately capture the underlying mechanisms to predict fighting in this case.

Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs) were established in 2004 under the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) to provide education to girls from disadvantaged backgrounds in rural areas. These schools have been instrumental in promoting girls’ education and reducing the gender gap in education. This article aims to provide an overview of the status of KGBVs in Rajasthan, India.

Risk assessment and behavior of social entities, such as societies, organizations or groups, are shaped by shared values and beliefs. Such shared convictions on how risk is perceived and handled are widely labeled as risk culture. While risk culture is a promising approach for comprehensively considering risk aspects in social dynamics, its structure still lacks conceptual clarity. In this regard, the recently introduced Risk Culture Framework (RCF) was aimed at providing an operationalization foundation for risk culture research through a 3x3 grid representing different cultural levels and influencing domains. However, until now, the RCF has neither been empirically applied nor tested. In the current study, the structural fit of the model is evaluated using empirical data pertaining to health risks gathered by an exploratory questionnaire (N = 500). For the sake of methodological consistency, the cultural level of implicit factors was not considered due to its methodological specificity. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to analyze the fit of the assumed model structure as well as that of other applicable models. Model indices for the RCF-oriented risk culture model structure were acceptable and better than those for the other models tested. Overall, results support the theoretical-based structure of the RCF, and provide a foundation for further research on risk culture. Future approaches and applications of the RCF to more specific risk subjects are discussed.

On the basis of study of early modern literature and other period sources we describe the production and use of stomme, used by Dutch wine merchants in the 17th, 18th and 19th century. We conclude that stomme was made by using excessive amounts of sulphur dioxide, thereby creating health hasards. The States General of the Dutch Republic acknowledged that danger, and banned the use of stomme  in 1613. However, the ban was never implemented and stomme remained in use for a long time. We argue that the ban was inspired by the risks posed to the health of the wine drinkers, but that economic reasons for a continuance of use prevailed.

Team approaches in healthcare settings is beneficial for maximising clinical outcomes and patient safety. A scoping review was undertaken to examine collaborative clinical reasoning (CCR) related studies in healthcare. Medline, PsychInfo, SciVerse Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to include full-text articles published between 2011 to 2020. Search terms included cooperative, collaborative, shared, team, collective, reasoning, problem solving, decision making, combined with clinical or medicine or medical, but excluded shared decision making. A total of 24 articles were identified in the review. Analysis of the articles resulted in four major content themes: (1) Decision-making process (n=14); (2) Quality assessment by MDTs-MODe (Multidisciplinary Team-Metric for the Observation of Decision Making; n=5) (3) CCR theory and definitions(n=3); and (4) Problem-solving process (n=2). Most articles focused on communication associated with collaborative decision-making processes. None provided direct evidence on the process of CCR or its impact on clinical outcomes. CCR describes the process of reaching a shared mental model where members in a healthcare team can arrive at a solution more efficiently by anticipating other members’ responses and needs. This evidence also suggests that team-based care has important implications for medical diagnosis and decision-making. Our results illuminate the necessity of further research in CCR, specifically with a focus on cognitive components of CCR. A better understanding of current CCR research in healthcare may inform future discussions around establishing strategies to enhance CCR development, and hence provide positive influence on medical education and patient safety.

Our purpose was to introduce a Crazy Random Chess variant. We combine random chess with crazyhouse chess rules.

A document by ngozi udengwu. Click on the document to view its contents.

The purpose of this paper is to offer descriptions of the possible next steps in the evolution of the climb to executive leadership positions, termed the glass cave. The discussion concludes with suggestions for moving beyond the glass cave to create a glass tunnel, or broad path to growth and advancement as well as recommendations for future research directions.