While the continental planetary boundary layer (PBL) structure and model capability to simulate it are relatively well understood, its structure and the ability of models to simulate it over the Southern Ocean (SO), especially in the presence of clouds, are less known. In this study, in situ soundings and remote sensing data collected from ships during two field campaigns over the SO, the Measurements of Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds over the Southern Ocean (MARCUS) and the Clouds Aerosols Precipitation Radiation and atmospheric Composition over the Southern Ocean (CAPRICORN) campaigns, and WRF simulations with different PBL schemes are examined to study the boundary layer structure over the SO, focusing particularly on the coupling status between the surface-based boundary layer and the single cloud layer above. Ten single cloud layer cases, including Dec. 1, 2017, Mar. 21-22, 2018, Mar. 23, 2018, Jan. 10, 2018 detected during MARCUS, and Feb. 17-18, 2018 detected during CAPRICORN, are examined. The cloud-boundary layer coupling over the SO for these cases can be classified into three modes: Coupled cloud-boundary layer in the presence of weak surface positive flux; Decoupled cloud-boundary layer in the presence of surface negative flux, with a very shallow surface-based PBL; and Decoupled cloud-boundary layer in the presence of single-layer high clouds and stronger surface positive flux, with thicker surface-based PBL. WRF simulations were conducted for these selected cases using different PBL schemes, including the Yonsei University (YSU) scheme with and without extra mixing and entrainment induced by cloud-top cooling (referred to as YSUtopdown when the cloud-top cooling treatment is included), the Mellor–Yamada Nakanishi and Niino (MYNN) scheme, and the MYNN scheme with the eddy-diffusivity (ED) local closure and mass flux (MF) nonlocal approach (referred to as MYNN-EDMF). For cases with the different cloud-boundary layer coupling modes, different PBL schemes provided the best consistency with observations. The MYNN-EDMF scheme is more consistent with observations than the conventional PBL schemes for the type 3 coupling mode because of the different vertical extent of local mixing and nonlocal mass flux in presence of sufficient surface flux. The YSUtopdown scheme has more consistency with observations than the YSU scheme for the type 1 coupling mode to simulate higher cloud-topped boundary layer. For the type 2 coupling mode, the different PBL schemes perform similarly.

Sources and sinks of the two most important greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4 at regional to continental scales remain poorly understood. In our previous work, the WRF-VPRM, a weather-biosphere-online-coupled model in which the biogenic CO2 fluxes are handled by the Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM), was further developed by coupling with the CarbonTracker global CO2 simulation and incorporating optimized terrestrial CO2 flux parameterization (Hu et al., 2021; Hu et al., 2020). In this work, an enhanced version of WRF-VPRM by including CH4 (referred to as WRF-GHG hereafter) is further developed by coupling with the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) CH4 global simulation for the initial and boundary conditions and the WetCHARTs wetland CH4 emissions and NEI2017 anthropogenic CH4 emissions, which dominate emissions over the contiguous United States (CONUS). Yearly WRF-GHG simulations are conducted for year 2018 and 2019 over CONUS at a horizontal grid spacing of 12 km to examine the impact of 2019 abnormal mid-west precipitation on CO2 and CH4 fluxes and atmospheric concentrations, with the simulation for 2018 serving as a baseline for comparison, similarly to Yin et al (2020). Simulated CO2 and CH4 are evaluated using remotely sensed data from Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), OCO-2, TROPOMI, and in-situ measurements from the GLOBALVIEW obspack data. WRF-GHG has been shown to capture the monthly variation of column-averaged CO2 concentrations (XCO2) and episodic variations associated with frontal passages. In this work, we will show that TCCON XCH4 shows mild seasonal variation and more prominent episodic variations, which are captured by WRF-GHG. As a case study, the 2019 May flood delayed growing season in mid-west and the typical spring and summer drawdown of atmospheric CO2 by 1-3 weeks. Obspack and TROPOMI data indicate higher CH4 in the mid-west in July and August, in 2019 relative to 2018, which we hypothesize is related to the abnormal precipitation in 2019 in the region that induces more wetland CH4 emissions. The WRF-GHG model significantly underestimates CH4 concentration in mid-west in summer 2019 when the WetCHARTs wetland CH4 emissions are driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis precipitation, which is known to be underestimated. An updated WetCHARTs wetland CH4 emissions driven by the PRISM precipitation data are currently being produced at JPL, which are expected to reduce the WRF-GHG CH4 bias, as wetland fluxes are highly sensitive to inundation from precipitation.

We present a data-driven and self-consistent SEP model, SOFIE, to simulate the acceleration and transport processes of energetic particles using the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF). In this model, the background solar wind plasma in the solar corona and interplanetary space are modeled by the Alfven Wave Solar-atmosphere Model(-Realtime) (AWSoM(-R)) driven by the near-real-time hourly updated GONG (bihourly ADAPT-GONG) magnetograms. In the background solar wind, the CMEs are launched employing the Eruptive Event Generator using Gibson-Low configuration (EEGGL), by inserting a flux rope estimated from the free magnetic energy in the active region. The acceleration and transport processes are then modeled self-consistently by the multiple magnetic field line tracker (M-FLAMPA) and the Adaptive Mesh Particle Simulator (AMPS). We will demonstrate the capability of SOFIE to demystify the acceleration processes by the CME-driven shock in the low corona and the modulation of energetic particles by the solar wind structures. Besides, using selected historical SEP events, e.g. 2013 Apr 11 event, we will illustrate the progresses toward a faster-than-real-time prediction of SEPs.

Wind power is one of the options for sustainable power generation in the world. Moreover, offshore wind farms are considered more efficient compared to onshore wind farms. Due to the absence of obstacles, the wind profile offshore is stronger and more consistent, and wind power is greater offshore. In the Southern coast of Brazil, near the town of Rio Grande (32o S, 52o W), there are several successful onshore wind farms, which indicate that offshore wind farms in this region could be even more prosperous. Site selection for the installation of offshore wind farms has to fulfil several criteria. We have applied some of them to indicate potential locations for the construction of wind farms off the coast of Rio Grande. We considered the coastal bathymetry, the type of foundation suitable for the coastal platform deep, the intensity of the wind, and the network of transmission lines. The navigation routes were also considered, because there is a large port nearby. We determined that the area that presents better accordance to those criteria has about 165 square kilometres, which is about one fourth of the area of Great Britain’s largest offshore wind farm. It is up to 100 kilometres far from the shore, with a deep between 20 and 50 meters, with persistent strong winds similar to those of the North Sea, where many European offshore wind farms are located. Therefore, there is great potentiality for the installation of offshore wind farms near Rio Grande.

In dry regions, millions of people depend on freshwater provided by the mountain cryosphere. Its likely depletion would make productive land-use management and access to water supply an even more urgent priority. Therefore water-security-oriented policies increasingly rely on solid information feedbacks for projections provided by Earth Sciences. Nevertheless, this type of research still has a lot to understand regarding headwater catchment hydrology, the top global “water towers.” For example, there are many theoretical and logistical uncertainties: “data deserts” in isolated areas, outdated legislation, or scarce research funding. Yet, one more important issue to highlight is the evolving nature of hydric resources, particularly where baselines have a large uncertainty and supply to many as in dry regions in the Andes or the Himalayas. The main concern here is the legislative inadequacy for evolving hydric resources as their baselines change. For example, groundwater within transboundary or paleowater aquifers could have unaccounted climate-sensitive recharge sources (e.g., permafrost thaw). Hence, the specific way of legislating mountain groundwater could turn ambiguous and useless. By reviewing particular legislation and landing the discussion on study cases in mountainous areas, we commit to showing the inadequacy of current legislation on hydric-potential evolution. Overall, water-security-oriented legislation will not assess and protect headwater catchments within the spectrum of different recharge processes throughout different hydroclimatic zones. First, the “evolving value” of specific catchments changes the nominal priority and purpose for protection. Secondly, a consistent failure to assess incommensurable (latent), climate-sensitive fractions of water supply structure is also found. Therefore, the policy recommendation is to use a hydric scale absorbing all nested processes necessary for hydric supply to persist, requiring defining a lifespan for legislation.

Understanding changes in the ocean carbonate system is central to understanding ocean and coastal acidification and the effects these phenomena will have in the future. To create a more complete overview of the recent history of the carbonate system in the nearshore Northeastern United States, several recently published or in-development statistical models have used simple ocean chemistry parameters of salinity, temperature dissolved oxygen, and nitrate, or these variables plus the addition of other input parameters: sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a, sea surface height, bathymetry, and atmospheric pCO2 to generate estimates of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA). Both a Random Forest Regression model and a multiple linear regression model predicting carbonate chemistry parameters was tested for accuracy in predicting fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) by comparing them with the publicly available fCO2 data from the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) database. Comparisons revealed a bias by the models to overestimate fCO2, which was also observed when comparing the SOCAT dataset to collocated discrete observations. To resolve these biases in fCO2, a correction was fitted to the modeled datasets. This investigation suggests that models that accurately predict carbonate parameters of DIC and TA, may be limited in their ability to reproduce fCO2 conditions in coastal areas without correction. This study suggests that extrapolating ocean carbonate system models based on parameters outside their intended uses should be considered for their potential limitations.

Openly accessible space-borne lidar, ICESat-2 datasets along with Pleiades stereo datasets provide a unique opportunity for estimation and monitoring of fragile sites in relatively inaccessible complex terrain for their changes in elevation and state. Two sets of over 100 lidar points (footprints) from ICESat-2 Track ID: 1354, dated 27 March 2019 were chosen in the flood-impacted Rishiganga and Dhauliganga valleys, i.e. at the place of the rock slide and a confluence Junction on the downstream side towards the severely affected Raini Village. These two locations depict the large-scale changes that occurred due to the flash flood initiated by the rockfall on 7th February 2021. The pre-and post- datasets from Google Earth optical images depict the large variations that occurred due to the event. Digital elevation model generated from Pleiades stereo datasets acquired on 10th February 2021 (post-event), is used for analysis with ICESat-2 datasets (pre-event). Before the event at the analyzed junction location, there was a width of about 30m channel with boulders and had tree-covered surrounding slopes. After the event lot of mud and debris have accumulated in a width of about 300 m without tree cover. The trees got unearthed in the processes involved in the event. The analysis shows a clear sign of erosion on the banks and the accumulation of debris along the river channel as well. The analysis depicted an accumulation of debris that raised the elevation from 0.1m to 44.86m at places with an average of 11.34m. Whereas the erosion varies from 0.15m - 15.76m with an average of 4.85m, mainly on the eroded river banks.

Vivo 1606 model is used for the study of standalone use of smartphone as a positioning device with FM supported location (Assisted- GNSS) for GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou. The observations were collected at every 5-minute interval for the analysis. The sessions were divided into three shifts morning, afternoon, and evening to check the accuracy in real time static mode. Mobile topographer app was used for capturing WGS-84 geographic coordinates having horizontal and vertical position with time in an urban environment to analyze which time of a day is good and till what time one can take GPS reading to get the minimum errors using smartphone. It is found that the positional dilution of precision (PDOP) stabilizes in about 35 minutes and minimizes at a value 0.2. The observations beyond have minor changes, so the position at 35 minutes has been used as reference for evaluation of statistical parameters. The real time observations of horizontal, vertical, and positional accuracy seem to increase with time as the PDOP, HDOP, VDOP values decrease i.e. improves with time. It has been observed that, RMSE of PDOP is 0.0485 and HDOP is 0.029 during afternoon is higher as compared to morning and evening values. The study suggest that the preference of survey shall be in the order: morning, evening and afternoon, which may further depend on the season at time. The survey during noon in summers can give much higher values of PDOP and thus the survey can be carried out during morning and evening times preferably.

Compound event research has gained significant momentum over the past few years. Traditionally risk assessment studies considered either one climatic driver or process at a time. However, it is now being recognised that it is the combination of multiple drivers and their statistical dependencies that lead to aggravated, non-linear impacts. We aim to identify hotspots for SM-P coupling over India from 2004 to 2020 using Event Coincidence Analysis (ECA) and an extremal tail dependence measure. We further characterise how these complex interconnected interactions can lead to more significant flash floods and landslide risk. The analysis is done at different temporal scales to pinpoint a location prone to floods during the year. High precursor coincidence rates (>60%) were obtained for traditional flash flood-prone areas over India, indicating the robustness of the approach. ECA results were compared with the probabilistic extreme value approach, and a similar pattern was observed in both. The increase in hotspots from 2004 to 2020 matches the observed increase in flood-prone districts reported by earlier studies. We also used the trigger coincidence rate to identify areas where soil moisture anomalies can trigger extreme precipitation. The seasonal variations in precursor coincidence rates are observed to be the same as those usually expected due to changing atmospheric circulation patterns. Our results will complement the traditional flood risk assessment studies and have implications for better understanding the dynamic, ever-evolving nature of compound preconditioned flooding events worldwide.

The interaction between form and process within a river produces the variety of morphodynamics we observe in channels. This poster presents a method using a simple index of channel behaviour that quantitatively represents the style of deformation a river reach undergoes. We term this index the throughput ratio (ζ), and it is calculated by comparing the volume of morphologic change recorded during an event to the volume of sediment transported during the event. The ratio of these two volumes represents a change in behaviour from exchange-based deformation of the channel (ζ < 1) to a more resilient throughput channel state where material is sourced from upstream, does not interact with the reach in question and is transmitted through (ζ > 1). A pair of experiments that developed different morphodynamics whilst sharing the same initial width, slope, discharge and grain size were used to demonstrate this methodology and interpretation of the results. The difference in morphodynamics between the channels was due to the presence of inerodible banks in one experiment, and a freedom to widen in the other. The inclusion of fixed banks prevented the system from being able to adjust its channel cross-section as freely, and maintained a high but variable sediment throughput over the experiment. In the system with mobile banks, the channel widened and exhibited a greater capacity to store sediment inside and outside of the active channel, causing the sediment transport rate to decline to zero during the experiment. In both, the rate of morphologic change tended to zero despite their marked differences in sediment transport over time. As a result, the throughput ratios depict two contrasting evolutions of channel behaviour. The differences in trajectory are due to the processes available to each system and their feedback with channel form. This approach provides a new method of representing channel character that may act to supplement existing analyses of river behaviour.

Developing countries need sufficient, reliable, and affordable energy for economic development; yet, the source of this energy remains contested. In the Philippines, coal-based electricity supplies most of the country’s energy requirement; hence contravening the country’s energy transition agenda. Until the moratorium on new coal-fired power plant development in October 2020, the Philippine government aggressively pursued the development of the coal sector, labelling coal projects as nationally significant. With this policy direction, many local governments, including provinces and cities, had rallied around coal. Dissent against coal, nonetheless, was also prominent, with civil society often leading these mobilizations, and using the narrative of energy transition in their appeals. This poster describes one of these movements, focusing on civil society-business-and-ecclesial-led dissent on coal-based energy system for the province of Bohol in central Philippines. Using primary data from interviews and site observation, supplemented by social media and secondary data analysis, this poster describes the tactics of a localized, yet networked, anti-coal mobilisation while pursuing an energy transition agenda. Led by a trifecta of actors, including private citizens, businesspeople, and the clergy, the movement employed nonviolent approaches through network-building, letter-writing, and social media-campaigning. As a result, the provincial government of Bohol issued an ordinance banning future coal-based development in the province and resituating the energy transition agenda in local development.

Barrovian-grade pelites in the Greater Himalayan Crystallines and Lesser Himalayan Formations exposed in the Himalayan core are separated by the Main Central Thrust (MCT). This fault system accommodated a significant amount of India-Asia convergence and is the focus of several models that explore ideas about the development of the range and collisional belts in general. Units separated by the MCT provide critical information regarding the mechanisms of heat transfer within collisional belts. Garnets collected across the MCT record their growth history through changes in chemistry. These chemical changes can be extracted and modeled using a variety of thermodynamic approaches. Here we describe and apply particular thermobarometric techniques to decipher the metamorphic history of several garnet-bearing rocks collected across the MCT in central Nepal, the Sikkim region, and NW India. Comparisons are made between the results of previously-reported conventional rim P-T conditions and P-T paths extracted using the Gibb’s method to isopleth thermobarometry and high-resolution P-T path modeling using the same data and assemblages. Regardless of calibrations used, the P-T conditions and paths, along with previously-reported timing constraints, are consistent with an imbrication model that suggest the MCT shear zone developed as rock packages within the LHF were progressively transferred. In this model, samples within the LHF travel along the MCT at a 5 km/Ma speed rate from 25 to 18 Ma. The hanging wall speed rate is 10 km/Ma, and topography progressively accumulates until a maximum height of 3.5 km. Once the topography is achieved at 18 Ma, a period of cessation is applied to the MCT between 18 and 15 Ma, and topography is reduced at a rate of 1.5 km/Ma. The model returns to activity within the MCT shear zone with the activation of the MCT footwall slivers from 8 to 2 Ma. P‐T changes recorded by the footwall garnets result from thermal advection combined with alterations in topography. For most MCT footwall samples, the P-T paths match the model predictions remarkably well. The P-T paths for some samples in central Nepal are also consistent high exhumation rates (>12mm/year) within the MCT shear zone since the Pliocene, a scenario predicted by this imbrication model.

The broadband stacks (templates) of velocity seismograms of nearly co-located low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) detected using a 1-8 Hz passband beneath southern Vancouver Island tend to exhibit a simple dipolar shape with a characteristic duration of ~0.3-0.5 s, which is also found to be nearly independent of the seismic moment. An important question left unanswered is whether the duration is due to the nature of the source, is set by attenuation near the source region, or is just a bias introduced by the narrow passband used to detect LFEs. In tremor catalogs detected using a relatively low-frequency passband, 0.5-1.25 Hz, we have found some tremor windows that contain relatively isolated dipole arrivals similar to LFEs. A few of these have a duration apparently longer than that of the LFE templates. Notably, the same location on the fault also seems capable of generating signals with a shorter duration at other times. Figure 1 shows seismograms, at 3 stations, of one such example in the vicinity of LFE family 001 of Bostock et al. (2012), in which the main arrival has a duration of ~1 s, whereas another signal 3 s earlier with a duration of only ~0.4 s comes from roughly the same location (same move-out between the stations). This significant variability in duration at approximately the same location suggests that the long-duration events owe their duration to source processes and not attenuation, provided that attenuation does not vary on extremely short time and space scales during the episodic tremor and slip episode. The relative isolation in time also makes the longer duration less likely to result from the temporal clustering of multiple typical LFEs. We will undertake a more systematic search of our longer- and shorter-period tremor catalogs to assess this possibility. Addressing this question will shed more light on the factors that control the apparent duration of LFEs. Figure 1 The top panel shows the long-duration tremor signal in a relatively lower-frequency band, 0.5-1.25 Hz, whereas the second panel from the top is the same 32-s segment in a higher-frequency band, 1.25-6.5 Hz. The third panel shows the trace in a broader passband, 0.5-6.5 Hz. The bottom panel shows the stacked LFE templates of the same family filtered through 0.5-6.5 Hz.

Himalaya is one of the most seismically active and earthquake-prone regions of the world. Recently an Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) for Northern India has been developed which includes around 165 strong ground motion accelerometers installed in Uttarakhand (India). A timely earthquake early warning of few seconds can save people’s lives and thus the development of an improved Warning Dissemination System (WDS) component of EEWS is much required. For this purpose, an improved WDS has been developed. This system currently uses newly designed low-cost public sirens and smartphone apps to alert people in case of an earthquake. The developed sirens have been currently installed in two major cities of Uttarakhand (India) and in all district emergency operations centers for the last 2 years. On 4th August 2021, the newly developed app “Uttarakhand Bhookamp Alert” for WDS has been officially launched by the Uttarakhand State Disaster Management Authority for operational use. Further, a GIS-based maintenance system is also developed for the maintenance of the complete system, which automatically checks the health and keeps records of the sirens along with the smartphone users. This app gives the facility to the users for sharing their current location with disaster rescue teams after the earthquake early warning alert. Detailed scientific principles and working mechanism of newly developed dissemination system along with its applicability to disseminate the real-time information in case of an earthquake will be presented.

Significant investments are made in the collection of water quality data. Yet barriers to effective data sharing and reuse hamper the ability to leverage this information to its full potential in research and water management decisions. Because water monitoring data are collected by a wide range of organizations, through programs of varying scope and focus, and often within jurisdictional or institutional silos, it can be difficult to connect this information together in standardized and accessible formats. DataStream is an online open-access platform that was developed by The Gordon Foundation and its partners to address the challenge of water data accessibility in Canada. DataStream is free to use and allows users to query, visualize, and download water quality data aligned with widely-adopted data and metadata standards (e.g., Water Quality eXchange, ISO19115 and schema.org). The path towards DataStream evolving as a collaborative and open data platform has been guided by the FAIR and CARE data principles. To date, over 140 different groups across Canada are using DataStream to publish water monitoring results including watershed groups, Indigenous organizations, researchers and governments at all levels. We will highlight our lessons learned in developing the platform to align with FAIR data principles and the elements we believe have been key to our success including DataStream’s open data schema, clear data licensing and regional partnership model.

The well-investigated aquifer in southern Tunisia have been selected from the literature to test the potential use of uranium isotopic compositions as a groundwater dating method. This is the Senonian carbonate aquifer of the Nefzaoua basin (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2020.01.024). For the this aquifer, an increase in U concentrations along the generalized flow path is observed in proportion to an increase in total dissolved solids, which may indicate the predominance of dissolution processes over alpha-recoil processes under oxidizing conditions for uranium. There is also an increase in U concentrations with a decrease in 14C values. For this aquifer, positive results were obtained on uranium-isotope dating. It was found that the groundwater residence time in the aquifer increases from 440 to 11,300 years from the recharge area along the generalized flow path (Figure). Uranium age correction model under oxidizing conditions in the aquifer is given in “Malov, 2018. Evolution of the groundwater chemistry in the coastal aquifers of the south-eastern White Sea area (NW Russia) using 14C and 234U-238U dating. Science of the Total Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.197” It is shown that for uranium-isotope dating of groundwater, three main conditions must be met: i) oxidizing conditions for uranium in the aquifer, ii) an increase in uranium concentrations with a decrease in 14C activities, and iii) the homogeneity of the aquifer in terms of hydraulic conductivity and lithological composition. The author understands the reality of the fact that groundwater dating methods are under development and improvement. Nevertheless, analysis of the evolution of the chemical and isotopic composition of groundwater, analysis of the geological and hydrogeological history of the region, hydraulic estimates of groundwater velocities in aquifers, hydrodynamic and balance justifications for the formation of groundwater, and analysis of the composition of stable isotopes can increase the reliability of dating. In the future, it is necessary to continue studies to assess the retardation factor and recoil loss factor in order to improve the uranium-isotope method for dating groundwater under oxidizing conditions for uranium. This work was supported by the RFBR (project no. 20-05-00045_A)

Confined meandering rivers are bounded between valleys and they are limited in their lateral migration compared to free meandering ones. In this study, we designed a model-based analysis to investigate types of confined meandering rivers. To simulate cases, we used the model developed by (Bogoni et al. 2017) based on a semi-analytical solution for flow and bed morphology ((Zolezzi and Seminara 2001). According to the result of (Lewin and Brindle 1977) the categorization of this type of meandering river should be based on the potential of evolution. We defined a confinement ratio as the ratio between the confined valley width and the meander belt width that the river would theoretically reach without geological confinement. Such unconfined meander belt width has been computed through long-term morphodynamic model simulations. This differs from previous work (Camporeale et al. 2005), semi-empirically suggesting an unconfined meander belt being nearly 3 times the modeled, linearly most unstable, intrinsic meander length. Our results indicate the existence of four different types of confined meandering rivers, which represents the most important point of this work. Compared to previous work, our classification adds a new class and reclassifies one of the previous types. Our proposed classes are; “Moderately confined condition” for confinement ratio in the range 0.1-1, “Strongly confined condition” for confinement ratio in the range 0.03-0.1. For a smaller confinement ratio than 0.03 we obtain a low sinuosity, single thread river, and for a confinement ratio greater than 1, we retrieve a free meandering river. Preliminary testing of our model-based classification with data from real confined meandering rivers shows promising results.

On 17 June 2020, an ancient landslide was partially reactivated close to the Aniangzhai village of Danba County in Sichuan Province of Southwest China. It was initiated by the erosion of the slope toe from the overflow of a dammed lake that was created due to heavy rainfall and the resulting debris flows coming from Meilonggou Gully to the Xiaojinchuan River. In this study, we report investigations on precursory and post-failure slope stability analysis exploiting optical and radar satellite remote sensing data. Using sub-pixel cross-correlation of optical data from Planet and Sentinel-2, we first derive the direction and magnitude of the main landslide failure. Advanced multi-temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) analysis using Sentinel-1 and TerraSAR-X SAR data are then exploited to investigate the landslide kinematics before and after the big failure. Moreover, we report our experience on using a newly designed artificial corner reflector (CR), which is a half-round dihedral corner reflector (hr-DCR), for monitoring slope inability in this region using both ascending and descending SAR data. The CRs are quite useful auxiliaries for InSAR analysis as they could be recognized as stable targets during radar acquisitions, especially in the vegetated, semi-vegetated, or agricultural areas, where the widespread loss of coherence between consecutive image acquisitions could happen. Using MT-InSAR analysis, we observe precursory deformation amounting to approximately 50 mm/year in the year 2018-2020, reaching to a maximum of 270 mm/year for the post-failure period from Nov 2020 to June 2021. Before the main landslide failure in June 2020, the average deformation rate was approximately 14% higher in 2018-2020, dominated by above-average precipitation in summer, in comparison to the rate in 2014-2017. Interestingly, MTI analysis also detects a clear signal for the new instability and slow creep in the adjacent slope of the Aniangzhai ancient landslide, previously unrecognised in landslide inventory maps. Besides, the performance of newly designed DCRs is qualified and quantified in the experiments based on intensity time series (in dB), Signal-to-Cluster Ratio (SCR), and results from MTI time series.