Robustness and mechanisms of the atmospheric response over the Southern
Ocean to idealized freshwater input around Antarctica
Abstract
Enhanced mass loss of the Antarctic ice sheet yields ocean surface
freshening, cooling and sea ice expansion, which ought to drive change
in the atmosphere. Using the Southern Ocean Freshwater Input from
Antarctica (SOFIA) multi-model ensemble, we study the atmospheric
response to a 100-year idealized freshwater release of 0.1 Sv. All
models simulate consistently surface-intensified tropospheric cooling
and lower-stratospheric warming south of 35˚S. Tropospheric cooling is
attributed to sea ice expansion and hence albedo increase in winter and
a colder sea surface in summer. This cooling yields a downward
displacement of the tropopause, reduced stratospheric water vapor
content and ultimately warming around 200 hPa. An enhanced southward
eddy heat flux explains warming at 10-100 hPa during austral winter.
Despite a temporally (and spatially) uniform prescribed freshwater flux,
a prominent sea ice seasonal cycle and atmosphere dynamics result in a
distinct seasonal pattern in the occurrence and magnitude of the
responses.