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Land-to-Sea Sediment Fluxes from a Major Glacial Lake Outburst Flood Were Stepped Rather Than Instantaneous
  • +12
  • Lewis Bailey,
  • Dan H. Shugar,
  • Mike Tilston,
  • Stephen M Hubbard,
  • Ian J W Giesbrecht,
  • Justin Del Bel Belluz,
  • Jennifer M Jackson,
  • Michael Andrew Clare,
  • Matthieu J.B. Cartigny,
  • Sanem Acikalin,
  • Sophie Hage,
  • Peter Talling,
  • Holly Basiuk,
  • Brian Menounos,
  • Marten Geertsema
Lewis Bailey
University of Calgary

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Dan H. Shugar
University of Calgary
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Mike Tilston
University of Calgary
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Stephen M Hubbard
University of Calgary
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Ian J W Giesbrecht
Hakai Institute and Simon Fraser University
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Justin Del Bel Belluz
Hakai Institute
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Jennifer M Jackson
Institute of Ocean Sciences
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Michael Andrew Clare
National Oceanography Centre Southampton
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Matthieu J.B. Cartigny
University of Durham
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Sanem Acikalin
Newcastle University
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Sophie Hage
Paris-Saclay
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Peter Talling
University of Durham, U.K.
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Holly Basiuk
University of Calgary
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Brian Menounos
Geological Survey of Canada Pacific Pacific
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Marten Geertsema
British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations
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Abstract

Glacial lake outburst floods can transport large volumes of sediment. Where these floods reach the coastline, much of that particulate load is delivered directly to the marine environment. It has been suggested that offshore deposits, specifically in fjord settings, may provide a faithful record of the frequency and timing of past outburst flood events. However, a paucity of observations means that the mechanics and the timing of offshore transport of sediment following a glacial lake outburst event remain poorly constrained. Here, we document the changes in sea surface sediment dynamics following the 28th November 2020 Elliot Lake outburst flood in British Columbia, which transported ~4.3x106 m3 of sediment into an adjacent fjord (Bute Inlet) as a deep nepheloid layer directly following the event. However, analysis of sea surface turbidity using in situ measurements and satellite-derived estimates reveals that changes in fjord-head surface turbidity immediately following the major flood were surprisingly small. The highest measured sea surface turbidity instead occurred five months after the initial outburst flood. This delayed increase in seaward sediment flux was coincident with the onset of the spring freshet, when discharge of the rivers feeding Bute Inlet increase each year. We suggest that large quantities of sediment were temporarily stored within the river catchment, and only remobilised when river discharge exceeded a threshold level following seasonal snowmelt. Our results reveal a temporal disconnect, where onshore to offshore transfer of sediment is stepped following a glacial lake outburst flood, which could complicate the architecture of subsequent deposits.
18 Nov 2024Submitted to ESS Open Archive
19 Nov 2024Published in ESS Open Archive