Abstract
Ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) contain numerous
parameterizations of sub-grid scale processes. The parameter tuning
procedure is rarely reported and often done by hand. We present an
automated alternative: Bayesian optimization, a method which has
recently emerged as a frontier in expensive black box optimization.
VerOpt, a Python package for the ocean model Veros, adapts Bayesian
optimization to climate model tuning. We use VerOpt to identify a set of
parameter values of the Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) closure scheme
that minimize mixed layer depth (MLD) bias in Veros. We present the
results of two optimization procedures: TWIN and OBS. The goal is to
minimize modeled MLD error relative to a target map. In TWIN, the target
is MLD simulated using Veros with a known parameterization. The ratio of
two TKE parameters ckcϵ-1, proportional to the critical Richardson
number Ric, is the dominant factor in setting the global MLD. After 180
model simulations, the lowest error in the TWIN experiment is 1.18%. In
OBS, the target is MLD climatology. The MLD bias is smallest when
Ric<1, and the default TKE parameterization falls within this
range. We find, however, that altering the TKE parameterization is not
sufficient to reduce the significant MLD bias of 42.62%. The OBS
experiment results indicate that the TKE scheme parameters are not the
dominant source of MLD bias in Veros. We discuss other possible sources
of MLD bias, as well as the potential of extending of the optimization
procedure to other parameterizations.