Spatio-temporal variations on alluvial fan channel width in response to
grain size on the channel bed under constant upstream boundary
conditions
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that channel geometry on alluvial fans is
predominantly controlled by upstream boundary conditions and remains
stable if those conditions do not change. This study challenges that
notion by examining how channel width on alluvial fans varies in space
and time under constant upstream conditions. Experiments using a
sediment mixture (sand and crushed walnut) with constant sediment and
water discharge rates reveal distinct patterns. In lower water discharge
runs, total channel width decreases over time, while in higher discharge
runs, it increases. Theoretical principles suggest that channel width is
inversely proportional to grain size. The disproportional advancement of
sand reaches relative to the fan margin, which varies across different
discharge runs, drives changes in slope and channel width over time.
This study highlights that surface grain-size distribution can change as
the fan grows, even when external conditions remain constant, leading to
variations in channel geometry.