Abstract

Land surface phenology (LSP) has emerged as a crucial indicator of ecosystem responses to climate change, offering insights into the complex interactions between terrestrial vegetation and environmental variables. This study provides a comprehensive review of LSP research in Gujarat, India, synthesizing advances in satellite-based phenological monitoring and identifying key knowledge gaps. We examine the utility of various remote sensing platforms, vegetation indices, and analytical approaches for characterizing phenological patterns across Gujarat's diverse landscapes. Our findings highlight the need for improved integration of fine-scale observations, standardization of phenological metrics, and mechanistic studies linking phenology to ecophysiological processes. We also emphasize critical research needs, including assessments of urbanization and climate change impacts on phenology, and the role of anthropogenic influences in shaping forest phenological patterns. This review provides a roadmap for future LSP research in Gujarat and similar regions globally.