Burrowing blocks of CO2 ice create sinuous gullies on Martian dunes by
explosive sublimation-induced particle transport
Abstract
Martian linear dune gullies are landforms consisting of parallel and
often sinuous channels with distinct levees and pit-shaped endings that
occur in the mid-latitudes on Mars. Recent observations of ongoing
activity link their formation to sliding blocks of CO2 ice in early
spring. Here we combine laboratory experiments in which we release
CO2-ice blocks on sandy slopes under Martian atmospheric pressure with
morphometric observations of linear dune gullies on Russell crater mega
dune to test this hypothesis. Our work shows that linear dune gullies
are carved by burrowing blocks of CO2 ice that induce explosive
ballistic sediment transport, resulting in gullies with all
morphological characteristics we observe on Mars; high levees, deep
channels, and extreme channel sinuosity. Our findings highlight the
specific climatological, topographical, and grain size conditions under
which these landforms originate, making it possible to use them as a
microclimate proxy on present-day and potentially ancient Mars.