Abstract
Annual North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) counts are frequently
modeled as a Poisson process with a state-dependent rate. We provide a
lower bound on the forecasting error of this class of models. Remarkably
we find this bound is already saturated by a simple linear model that
explains roughly 50\% of the annual variance using three
climate indices: El Ni\ no/Southern Oscillation (ENSO),
average sea surface temperature (SST) in the main development region
(MDR) of the North Atlantic and the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO)
atmospheric circulation index \cite{Kozar2012}. As
expected under the bound, increased model complexity does not help: we
demonstrate that allowing for quadratic and interaction terms, or using
an Elastic Net to forecast TC counts using global SST maps, produces no
detectable increase in skill. We provide evidence that observed TC
counts are consistent with a Poisson process, limiting possible
improvements in TC modeling by relaxing the Poisson assumption.