Laboratory measurement of sonic (1-20 kHz) P-wave velocity and
attenuation during melting of ice-bearing sand
Abstract
We measured the acoustic properties of ice-bearing sand packs in the
laboratory using a novel acoustic pulse tube within the frequency range
of 1-20 kHz, similar to sonic well-logs. We analysed how wave velocity
and attenuation (the inverse of quality factor) change with ice
saturation during melting. We found strong frequency-dependent
correlations for both acoustic parameters with ice saturation. For any
frequency within the studied range, velocity decreases and attenuation
increases as the ice melts. We used two-phase and three-phase rock
physics models to assess our experimental results, and the comparison
highlights the influence of ice formation location, sediment frame
permeability, and gas content on both velocity and attenuation. Our
results pave the way for monitoring ice saturation from sonic
measurements as ice saturation has contrasting effects on velocity and
attenuation and the effects vary with frequency. Overall, this research
contributes to a better understanding of the acoustic response of
ice-bearing sediments and provides valuable insights for various
applications, including permafrost monitoring and gas hydrate
dissociation studies.