Benchmarking Historical Model Performance Increases Confidence in
Regional Precipitation Projections
Abstract
Decision-makers urgently need fit-for-purpose, actionable climate
information to address worsening risks to water security due to climate
change. To help address this need, we pioneer new work that builds on a
recently established standardized benchmarking framework to assess
downscaled precipitation simulations and explore how benchmarking
historical, fundamental model performance impacts confidence in regional
precipitation projections. Inspired by frameworks used by the Coupled
Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) community to navigate the
“ensemble of opportunity” that explore the spread, independence, and
performance of CMIP models, we assess future confidence across three
related categories: model agreement, dependence, and performance. Using
data from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Climate Experiments
(CORDEX)-Australasia domain and Southern Australia as a case study, we
highlight how benchmarking only “fundamental,” historical model
performance improves confidence in regional precipitation projections
across these categories of confidence. We find that including
fundamentally flawed models in an ensemble can indicate a false level of
confidence and model agreement in regional climate projections in annual
and wet-season total rainfall and rainfall extremes. We find that our
benchmarked subset reduces the spread in projections across
season-rainfall index combinations without underestimating observed
natural variability or end-of-century uncertainties due to the climate
change response. By taking a novel approach to address the coupled
interdependencies between global climate models and regional climate
models in our dynamically downscaled ensemble, we find that we can
increase confidence though historical benchmarking spatially and
temporally without over-constraining plausible future projections.