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Separation timescales of vertically migrating zooplankton and other (a)biotic materials in the Benguela system
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  • Darshika Manral,
  • Laura Gómez-Navarro,
  • Michael Charles Denes,
  • Doroteaciro Iovino,
  • Pier Giuseppe Fogli,
  • Simona Masina,
  • Ismael Hernández-Carrasco,
  • Linda Amaral - Zettler,
  • Marcello Vichi,
  • Erik Van Sebille
Darshika Manral
Utrecht University

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Laura Gómez-Navarro
Utrecht University
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Michael Charles Denes
Utrecht University
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Doroteaciro Iovino
CMCC
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Pier Giuseppe Fogli
CMCC Foundation - Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change
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Simona Masina
CMCC Foundation - Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change
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Ismael Hernández-Carrasco
Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies
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Linda Amaral - Zettler
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
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Marcello Vichi
University of Cape Town
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Erik Van Sebille
Universiteit Utrecht
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Abstract

Plankton, plastics, nutrients, and other materials in the ocean can exhibit different dispersion patterns depending on their individual drifting properties. These dispersion patterns can provide information on the effective timescales of interaction between different types of materials in a highly dynamic ocean environment, such as the Benguela system in the southeast Atlantic Ocean. In this study, we compare the timescales and spatial distribution of separation for zooplankton performing Diel Vertical Migration (DVM) while drifting with currents to those of other materials: (i) positively buoyant plastics or planktonic organisms passively floating near the ocean's surface; (ii) nutrients or pollutants passively advecting in the three-dimensional flow; and (iii) sinking biogenic particulate matter. We apply the drift properties of each material type in Lagrangian flow modeling to simulate the movement of virtual particles across the Benguela system. Our results indicate faster separation between zooplankton performing DVM and the other particle types during the upwelling season in the austral spring and summer. We also observe a decrease in the separation timescales between zooplankton performing DVM and other particle types as the zooplankton migration depth increases. Despite the differences in separation timescales across seasons, different particle types can become trapped in coherent features such as eddies, fronts, and filaments, indicating prolonged exposure of zooplankton to prey and pollutants in these coherent ocean features.
15 Aug 2024Submitted to ESS Open Archive
15 Aug 2024Published in ESS Open Archive