Successive tsunamigenic events near the Sofu Seamount inferred from
high-frequency teleseismic P and regional T waves
Abstract
An unexpected major tsunami from the region near the Sofu Seamount was
observed on 8 October 2023. The Sofu Seamount is located approximately
600 km from the coast of Japan. Due to far epicentral distances and the
successive occurrence of seismic events, the conventional seismic
analysis to reveal the accompanying seismic sequence cannot work well.
We investigated high-frequency teleseismic P and regional T waves from
the accompanying seismic sequence during the tsunamigenic events near
the Sofu Seamount. Envelope shapes of teleseismic P and regional T waves
were similar, indicating that T-wave envelopes also reflected source
properties of seismic sequence. During seismic events near the Sofu
Seamount, observed regional envelopes were characterized by weak body
waves and large amplitude T waves with durations of 39-68 s. According
to numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation using a realistic
topography model, characteristics of T waves exhibit weak slope-angle
and strong source-depth dependencies. Strong T waves with durations less
than 60 s only appeared in results with sources at depths ≤ 0.5 km below
the seafloor. We concluded that high-frequency radiation of the
accompanying seismic sequence during the tsunamigenic events near the
Sofu Seamount possibly occurred at shallower depths just below the
seafloor. If seismic and tsunami sources coincide, shallower source
depths might cause tsunamigenic uplifts. The observed peak seafloor
uplifts and T-wave amplitudes during tsunamigenic events were scaled.
This result suggests the possibility of tsunami forecasting based on
T-wave amplitudes from submarine volcanoes.