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AI Foundation Models Facilitate Real-time Global GNSS Precipitable Water Vapor Retrieval with Sub-millimeter Accuracy
  • +7
  • Junsheng Ding,
  • Wu Chen,
  • Junping Chen,
  • Jungang Wang,
  • Yize Zhang,
  • Duojie Weng,
  • Tong Liu,
  • Xiaolong Mi,
  • Benedikt Soja,
  • Lei Bai
Junsheng Ding
Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

Author Profile
Wu Chen
Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Junping Chen
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jungang Wang
Department of Geodesy, GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Institut für Geodäsie und Geoinformationstechnik, Technische Universität Berlin
Yize Zhang
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Duojie Weng
Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Tong Liu
Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Xiaolong Mi
Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Benedikt Soja
Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, ETH Zurich
Lei Bai
Shanghai AI Laboratory

Abstract

Currently, over 20,000 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) stations are installed worldwide to provide tropospheric delay products with high-quality and high temporal resolution (5 min). However, few of these stations are equipped with on-site meteorological sensors, leading to the challenge of the real-time transformation of this tropospheric delay into accurate precipitable water vapor (PWV). We propose a real-time high-accuracy GNSS PWV retrieval method based on artificial intelligence weather forecast foundation models. This innovative approach efficiently calculates integral zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD) and integral weighted mean temperature (Tm) at any global location locally within seconds, bypassing inaccuracies inherent in empirical ZHD and Tm models, significantly reducing PWV errors. The method is evaluated on three representative foundation models, Pangu-Weather, GraphCast, and FengWu, showing precision loss of PWV below 0.1 mm using 6-hour forecasts. It offers a robust solution for instantaneous GNSS PWV retrieval and enhances global hazardous weather monitoring and alert systems.
12 Jul 2024Submitted to ESS Open Archive
12 Jul 2024Published in ESS Open Archive