Gulf Stream Moisture Fluxes Impact Atmospheric Blocks Throughout the
Northern Hemisphere
Abstract
In this study, we explore the impact of oceanic moisture fluxes on
atmospheric blocks using the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System.
Artificially suppressing surface latent heat flux over the Gulf Stream
region leads to a significant reduction (up to 30%) in atmospheric
blocking frequency across the northern hemisphere. Affected blocks show
a shorter lifespan (-6%), smaller spatial extent (-12%), and reduced
intensity (-0.4%), with an increased detection rate (+17%). These
findings are robust across various blocking detection thresholds.
Analysis indicates a resolution-dependent response, with resolutions
lower than Tco639 (~18km) showing no significant change
in some blocking characteristics, even with reduced blocking frequency.
Exploring the broader Rossby wave pattern, we observe that diminished
moisture flux favours eastward propagation and higher zonal wavenumbers,
while air-sea interactions promotes stationary and westward-propagating
waves with zonal wavenumber 3. This study underscores the critical role
of western boundary current’s moisture fluxes in modulating atmospheric
blocking.