Vertically propagating seiches and standing modes preclusion in a
steep-bottom tropical reservoir
Abstract
This work investigates observations of gradual upward phase shifting of
temperature oscillations in a steep tropical reservoir, which differ
from the π radians sharp shifts that are usually accepted for the
description of baroclinic motions in terms of normal modes. Supported on
numerical modeling and theoretical inviscid wave ray tracing, we show
that the gradual upward phase shifting is the signature of vertically
propagating seiches, which refer to basin-scale oscillations that are
stationary in the horizontal but propagate downwards in the vertical. We
show that the vertically propagating seiche occurs due to the
predominant supercritical reflection of the internal wave rays at the
lake boundaries, which focuses the internal wave energy downwards with a
minor fraction of the energy reflected upwards, resulting in a net
downward energy propagation. The net downward energy flux precludes the
formation of standing waves, with potential implications for the common
framework of the energy flux path at the interior of stratified lakes.
The analysis supports that vertically propagating seiches and standing
mode preclusion are expected to occur in any given lake, but their
signatures are more evident in steep sided lakes, with a wide
metalimnion and/or for lower forcing frequencies, characteristic of
higher order vertical modes.