Abstract
Solidification of the cores of small planets and moons is thought to
occur in the â\euro˜iron snowâ\euro™ regime, in which iron crystals
form near the core-mantle boundary and fall until re-melting at higher
depth. The resulting buoyancy flux may sustain convection and dynamo
action. This regime is poorly known, having never been observed in the
field or laboratory. Here we present the first laboratory experiments
designed to model iron snow. We find that solidification happens in a
cyclic pattern, with intense solidification bursts separated by
crystal-free periods. This is explained by the necessity of reaching a
finite amount of supercooling to re-initiate crystallization once the
crystals formed earlier have migrated away. When transposed to planetary
cores, our results suggest that crystallization and the associated
buoyancy flux would be strongly heterogeneous in time and space, which
eventually impacts the time variability and geometry of the magnetic
field.