A novel gravity wave transport parametrization for global chemistry
climate models: description and validation
Abstract
The gravity wave drag parametrization of the Whole Atmosphere Community
Climate Model (WACCM) has been modified to include the wave-driven
atmospheric vertical mixing caused by propagating, non-breaking, gravity
waves. The strength of this atmospheric mixing is represented in the
model via the ‘effective wave diffusivity’ coefficient (Kwave). Using
Kwave, a new total dynamical diffusivity (KDyn) is defined. KDyn
represents the vertical mixing of the atmosphere by both breaking
(dissipating) and vertically propagating (non-dissipating) gravity
waves. Here we show that, when the new diffusivity is used, the downward
fluxes of Fe and Na between 80 and 100 km largely increase. Larger
meteoric ablation injection rates of these metals (within a factor 2 of
measurements) can now be used in WACCM, which produce Na and Fe layers
in good agreement with lidar observations. Mesospheric CO2 is also
significantly impacted by the additional source of vertical mixing, with
the largest CO2 concentration increase occurring between 80-90 km, where
model-observation agreement improves. However, in regions where the
model overestimates CO2 concentration, the new parametrization
exacerbates the model bias. The summer mesopause in both hemispheres
cools significantly, by up to 35 K, and shifts upward, partially
correcting the WACCM low summer mesopause. Our results highlight the
far-reaching implications and the necessity of representing vertically
propagating, non-breaking, gravity waves in climate models. This method
way of modelling gravity waves contributes to growing evidence that it
is time to move away from dissipative-only gravity wave
parametrizations.