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Climate Projections Very Likely Underestimate Future Volcanic Forcing and its Climatic Effects
  • +4
  • Man Mei Chim,
  • Thomas Jacques Aubry,
  • Nathan Luke Abraham,
  • Lauren Marshall,
  • Jane Patricia Mulcahy,
  • Jeremy Walton,
  • Anja Schmidt
Man Mei Chim
University of Cambridge

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Thomas Jacques Aubry
University of Exeter
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Nathan Luke Abraham
NCAS, University of Cambridge
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Lauren Marshall
University of Durham
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Jane Patricia Mulcahy
Met Office Hadley Centre
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Jeremy Walton
Met Office Hadley Centre
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Anja Schmidt
University of Cambridge, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IPA), German Aerospace Center (DLR)
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Abstract

Standard climate projections represent future volcanic eruptions by a constant forcing inferred from 1850-2014 volcanic forcing. Using the latest ice-core and satellite records to design stochastic eruption scenarios, we show that there is a 95% probability that explosive eruptions could emit more sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the stratosphere over 2015-2100 than current standard climate projections (i.e., ScenarioMIP). Our simulations using the UK Earth System Model with interactive stratospheric aerosols show that for a median future eruption scenario, the 2015-2100 average global-mean stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD) is double that used in ScenarioMIP, with small-magnitude eruptions (< 3 Tg of SO2) contributing 50% to SAOD perturbations. We show that volcanic effects on large-scale climate indicators, including global surface temperature, sea level and sea ice extent, are underestimated in ScenarioMIP because current climate projections do not fully account for the recurrent frequency of volcanic eruptions of different magnitudes.
22 Mar 2023Submitted to ESS Open Archive
26 Mar 2023Published in ESS Open Archive