Abstract
Yeast strain development has been essential for improving efficiency,
flavour diversity, and quality of beer fermentation. Such efforts often
rely on laborious in vitro screening experiments. However, with
the increasing availability of large-scale ‘omics’ data sets, it may be
possible to replace or complement such experiments with in silico
screening. Here, we briefly review the genetics associated with various
desirable and undesirable traits in brewing yeast, and demonstrate how
recent genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics data sets derived from
the 1,011 yeast genomes project can be exploited for identifying strains
with potentially desirable phenotypes. The discussed phenotypes are
related to fermentation performance, formation of desirable flavours,
and mitigation of off-flavours. Finally, we perform wort fermentations
with five strains from diverse backgrounds, with diverse predicted
phenotypes, to validate the in silico predictions. Most predicted
phenotypes correlated well with the measured phenotypes, including
formation of desirable compounds like isoamyl acetate and ethyl
octanoate, as well as formation of undesirable compounds like 4-vinyl
guaiacol, diacetyl, and ethanethiol. Together, the results indicate that
utilizing large ‘omics’ data sets can be a very useful tool for both
strain selection and development for beer fermentation, and naturally
other food and beverage fermentations as well. Compared to more
traditional in vitro screening, this has several benefits,
including lower costs, more rapid results and possibility to include
more strains. We hope this can inspire and yield improved and more
diverse brewing strains to the industry.