Regional databases demonstrate macroecological patterns less clearly
than systematically collected field data
Abstract
The analysis of macroecological patterns has necessitated the use of
large, composite datasets recording local-scale species occurrences
distributed across the globe. These datasets, however, have various
spatial and temporal biases. They have rarely been compared to data
collected in the field across large spatial gradients. In this paper we
use two datasets built from online repositories plus a standardised
field collection to reconstruct macroecological patterns for marine
bivalves along the eastern coastline of Australia – spanning over 20°
of latitude. We test the strength of the latitudinal diversity gradient
using four diversity measures and identify a biogeographical boundary.
The field collection demonstrates a strong latitudinal gradient, but
mixed support was found in the composite datasets. Worse, adding
observation-based records to the composite dataset obscured the
latitudinal gradient. The biogeographic boundary was consistently found,
and the location mirrored two previously published bioregionalisations.
Although broad patterns seen in the field can be uncovered from
composite macroecological datasets, care both in dataset construction
and choice of methods is needed to ensure robust results.