OAE-based data mining and modeling analysis of adverse events associated
with the three licensed HPV vaccines
Abstract
Aims: Three licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines (Cervarix,
Gardasil, and Gardasil 9) have been effectively used to prevent
infection with oncogenic HPV types, however, many adverse events (AEs)
have also been reported following HPV vaccination. In order to evaluate
the safety of the three licensed HPV vaccines, we investigated their AE
profiles based on the data from Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
(VAERS). Methods: The AE data for Cervarix, Gardasil, and Gardasil 9 was
retrieved from VAERS database respectively. The combinatorial biomedical
statistical methods were used to identify the statistically significant
AEs. The Gamma-Poisson Shrinker (GPS) with gender/age stratification
models were developed to ascertain the serious adverse events (SAEs).
The AE profiles were classified and represented by the Ontology of
Adverse Events (OAE) for further analysis. Results: As of July 31, 2020,
VAERS recorded 3,112, 31,606, and 6,872 AE case reports for Cervarix,
Gardasil, and Gardasil 9, respectively. Our Frequentist statistical
methods identified 135 Cervarix-enriched AEs, 55 Gardasil-enriched AEs,
and 17 Gardasil 9-enriched AEs. Based on the OAE hierarchical
classification, these AEs were clustered in the AEs that related to
behavioral and neurological conditions, immune system, nervous system,
and reproductive system. Combined with GPS modeling, 46 statistically
significant SAEs were founded to be associated with at least one of the
three vaccines. Conclusion: The results in this study cannot be used to
ascertain the cause and effect relationships between the HPV vaccination
and specific AEs. The hypotheses on the relationships deserver further
epidemiological investigations as well as clinical trial studies.