Riparian vegetated area in pre-dam, post-dam, and environmental flow
periods in Canyonlands National Park from 1940 to 2022
Abstract
The upper Colorado River is a highly regulated system that provides
habitat for federally listed species, disproportionate number of flora
and fauna and is the water supply for the western United States. River
regulation has led to wide scale channel narrowing. Over the last three
decades dams have been operated with a more natural hydrograph for
environmental reasons. We sought to use remote imagery from 1940-2022 to
examine rates of channel narrowing in the pre-dam, post-dam, and
environmental flows eras along three river reaches in Canyonlands
National Park. We found an increase in the vegetated area along the
Colorado River (above the confluence with the Green River) and the Green
River since 1940. We documented a 6.12% and 4.00% narrowing in the
post-dam period and a 19.51% and 6.49% narrowing in the environmental
flows period on the Colorado and Green Rivers, respectively. The
Cataract Canyon reach (Colorado River below the confluence) has been
stable since 1966. All three river reaches showed the slowest period of
narrowing in the last 16 years of environmental flows that coincided
with a large peakflow in 2011. All three reaches showed a decrease in
vegetated area after the 2011 flood, followed by an increase in
vegetated area to similar levels to before the 2011 flood. Environmental
flows that mimic the natural hydrograph may have slowed channel
narrowing, but it is clear that periodic large peaks are also necessary.
Managers must be careful that any environmental flows that take from the
spring peak are carefully considered.