Abstract

Many corporations and nations have pledged to reach net-zero emissions within a few decades. Meeting such targets for greenhouse gases, plastics, etc. requires systematic methods to guide investment in technologies and value-chain alternatives, and develop roadmaps. The proposed framework is a multi-period planning model to guide optimal reforms in cradle-to-cradle life-cycle networks across the time horizon. It aims to meet environmental targets while minimizing the total annualized marginal cost of natural resources and the investment cost associated with adoption of novel technologies. This considers the evolution of technology readiness levels as S-curves or continuous time Markov-chains. Integrated Assessment models account for climate change, decarbonization due to energy mix changes, and carbon taxes. Multiple climate change scenarios and shared socioeconomic pathways are used to model the future. In addition to providing roadmaps, the outputs can also be used to identify technologies that will be robust to future scenarios.