Development and validation of a DNA-based multi-species biomonitoring
toolkit using a High-Throughput qPCR platform: a case study of Irish
shellfish species
Abstract
Biomonitoring of marine life has been enhanced in recent years by the
integration of innovative DNA-based approaches, which offer advantages
over more laborious conventional techniques (e.g. direct capture) and
greater taxonomic resolution especially in complex life cycles and early
life stages. However, tradeoffs between throughput, sensitivity and
quantitative measurements must be made when choosing between the
prevailing molecular methodologies (i.e. metabarcoding or qPCR/dPCR).
Thus, the aim of the present study was to demonstrate the utility of a
microfluidic-enabled High Throughput quantitative PCR platform (HT-qPCR)
for the rapid and cost-effective development and validation of a
DNA-based multi-species biomonitoring toolkit, using larvae of 24
commercially targeted bivalve and crustacean species as a case study.
The workflow was divided into three main phases: definition of target
taxa and establishment of reference databases (PHASE 1); in silico
selection/development and in vitro assessment of molecular assays (PHASE
2); and protocol optimization and field validation (PHASE 3). Of a total
of 85 assays in silico, 42 were eventually chosen and validated in
vitro. Genetic signal showed good correlation with direct visual counts
by microscopy, but also showed the ability to provide quantitative data
at the highest taxonomic resolution (species level) in a time- and
cost-effective fashion. This study developed a biomonitoring toolkit,
demonstrating the considerable advantages of this state-of-the-art
technology in boosting the development and application of panels of
molecular assays for the monitoring and management of natural resources
that can be applied to a range of monitoring programmes. Keywords: DNA,
High Throughput, qPCR, biomonitoring, shellfish