A Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor of p38⍺ MAP Kinase Augments
Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle Entry in Response to Direct Cell Cycle
Stimulation
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause
of mortality globally due in part to the limited ability of
cardiomyocytes (CMs) to regenerate. Recently, we demonstrated that
overexpression of 4 cell cycle factors, CDK1, CDK4, cyclin B1, and
cyclin D1 (4F), induced cell division in ~20% of the
post-mitotic CMs overexpressed 4F. The current study aims to identify a
small molecule that augments 4F-induced CM cycle induction. Experimental
Approach, Key Results: Screening of small molecules with a potential to
augment 4F-induced cell-cycle induction in 60-day-old mature human
induced pluripotent cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) revealed
N-(4,6-Dimethylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide
(NDPPC), which activates cell cycle progression in 4F-transduced
hiPS-CMs. Autodock tool and Autodock vina computational methods showed
that NDPPC has a potential interaction with the binding site at the
human p38⍺ mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38⍺ MAP kinase), a
critical negative regulator of the mammalian cell cycle. A p38⍺ MAP
kinase activity assay showed that NDPPC inhibits its activity in a
dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of p38⍺ MAP kinase in CMs
inhibited 4F cell cycle induction, and treatment with NDPPC reversed the
cell cycle inhibitory effect. Conclusion and Implications: NDPPC is a
novel inhibitor for p38⍺ MAP kinase and is a promising drug to augment
CM cell cycle response to the 4F. NDPPC could become an adjunct
treatment with other cell cycle activators for heart failure treatment.