A Simple Non-Invasive Biomarker Can Reflect Both the Acute and Chronic
Pulmonary Impact of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Shunting
Abstract
The SFR (Sp02/Fi02 ratio) offers a continuous, non-invasive reflection
of pulmonary function regardless of whether the baby is ventilated or
breathing spontaneously. We hypothesized that significant PDA shunting
would impair pulmonary oxygen diffusion, in turn, reflected by decreased
SFR; and that early PDA related decreases in SFR will predict subsequent
chronic lung disease (CLD). Methods: We retrospectively examined records
from preterm neonates <30 weeks gestational age. Ductal
shunting was graded for severity by first week echocardiogram. SFR was
calculated as SpO2/Fi02 and recorded on day 7 of life and at 36 weeks
postmenstrual age (PMA). Results: We studied 104 infants: 65 with closed
duct; 17 with hemodynamically insignificant PDA and 22 with
hemodynamically significant (hsPDAs). CLD developed in 9 (14%) of those
with closed ducts; 6 (35%) of those with hisPDA; and in 12 (55%) of
those with hsPDA (p=0.005). Babies with hsPDA had significantly lower
SFR values at both time points. SFRs in babies with hisPDA were
decreased at 1 week postnatally, but were similar to those of babies
with closed ducts at 36 weeks. SFR at 36 wks. was decreased only in
infants with hsPDA [[467[461,467] vs. 467[413,471] vs.
369[262,436] respectively; p=0.000148]. Using ROC curve analysis,
week 1 SFR was strongly associated with hsPDA (AUC=0.770;
p<0.0001) and highly predictive (AUC=0.801;
p<0.0001) of CLD at 36 weeks PMA. Conclusion: Early decreases
in SFR reflect both the acute and chronic pulmonary impact of PDA
shunting, possibly providing the missing link supporting an association
between hemodynamically significant PDA and subsequent CLD.