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Novel mitochondrial gene rearrangements pattern in the millipede Polydesmus sp. GZCS-2019 and phylogenetic analysis of the Myriapoda
  • Qing Zuo,
  • Zhisheng Zhang,
  • Yanjun Shen
Qing Zuo
Southwest University

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Zhisheng Zhang
Southwest University
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Yanjun Shen
Chongqing Normal University
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Abstract

The subphylum Myriapoda included four extant classes (Chilopoda, Symphyla, Diplopoda and Pauropoda), but very little work has been done to explore their phylogenetic relationships. Herein, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of Polydesmus sp. GZCS-2019 (Myriapoda: Polydesmida) and the mitochondrial genomes are circular molecules of 15,036 bp, with all genes encoded on + strand. The A+T content is 66.1%, making the chain asymmetric, and exhibits negative AT-skew (-0.236). Several genes rearrangements were detected and we propose a new rearrangement model: “TD (N\R) L + C” based on the genome-scale duplication + (non-random/random) loss + recombination. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that Chilopoda and Symphyla both were monophyletic group, whereas Pauropoda was embedded in Diplopoda to form the Dignatha. Divergence time showed the first split of Myriapoda occurred between the Chilopoda and other classes (Wenlock period of Silurian). We combine phylogenetic analysis, divergence time, and gene arrangement to yield valuable insights into the evolutionary history and classification relationship of Myriapoda and these results support a monophyletic Progoneata and the relationship (Chilopoda + (Symphyla + (Diplopoda + Pauropoda))) within Myriapod. Our results help to better explain the gene rearrangement events of the invertebrate mitogenome and lay the foundation for further phylogenetic study of Myriapoda.
19 Sep 2021Submitted to Ecology and Evolution
23 Sep 2021Submission Checks Completed
23 Sep 2021Assigned to Editor
27 Sep 2021Reviewer(s) Assigned
13 Dec 2021Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
30 Dec 2021Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
29 Jan 20221st Revision Received
29 Jan 2022Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
29 Jan 2022Submission Checks Completed
29 Jan 2022Assigned to Editor
10 Mar 2022Editorial Decision: Accept
Mar 2022Published in Ecology and Evolution volume 12 issue 3. 10.1002/ece3.8764