Sodium channel blockers in the management of long QT syndrome: a system
review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background: β-blockers are first-line therapy in patients with long QT
syndrome (LQTS). However, β-blockers had genotype dependent efficacy
(LQT1>LQT2>LQT3). Sodium channel blockers have
been recommended as add-on therapy for LQT3 patients. However, the
effect of sodium channel blockers in all LQT patients remains unknown.
Methods: We conducted a systematic electronic search of PubMed, Embase
and the Cochrane Library. Fixed effects model was used to assess the
effect of sodium channel blockers on QTc, cardiac events (CEs), and the
proportion of QTc≥500 ms and QTc≤460 ms in LQTS patients. Results:
Pooled analysis of 14 studies with 213 LQTS patients showed that sodium
channel blockers significantly shortened QTc by nearly 50 ms (MD -49.43,
95%CI -57.80 to -41.05, P<0.001), reduced the incidence of
CEs (OR 0.12, 95%CI 0.04 to 0.32, P<0.001) and the proportion
of QTc≥500 ms (OR 0.15, 95%CI 0.09 to 0.26, P<0.001), and
increased the proportion of QTc≤460 ms (OR 18.00, 95%CI 7.49 to 43.26,
P<0.001). Sodium channel blockers significantly shortened QTc
both in LQT3 and non-LQT3 patients, while the QTc shortening effect in
LQT3 was superior to that in non-LQT3 (57.39 ms vs. 36.61 ms).
Mexiletine, flecainide, and ranolazine all significantly shortened QTc,
and the QTc shortening effect by mexiletine was the best (60.70 ms vs.
49.08 ms vs. 50.10 ms). Conclusions: sodium channel blockers can be
useful both in LQT3 and non-LQT3 patients. Mexiletine, flecainide and
ranolazine significantly shortened QTc in LQTS patients, and the QTc
shortening effect by mexiletine was the best.