Impact of valve size, effective and indexed effective orifice area after
aortic valve replacement.
Abstract
Introduction - The impact of manufacturer labelled prosthesis size and
predicted effective orifice area (EOA) on long term survival after
aortic valve replacement is not clear although indexed effective orifice
area (iEOA) has been associated with worse survival. Methods - Data was
retrospectively collected from Jan 2000 – Dec 2019 for prosthesis type,
model and size for isolated aortic valve replacements. Stratified
survival was compared between groups and subgroups for labelled valve
size, EOA and predicted PPM. Results – Total of 3444 patients were
included. Moderate and severe PPM was 15.6% and 1.6% respectively.
Cumulative life time hazard was worse for biological valves (mortality:
biological 77.7% vs mechanical 64.8%, p=0.001). Mean survival was
132.7 months for biological versus 191.3 months for mechanical valves
(p=0.001). Moderate prosthetic AS (EOA = 1-1.5 cm2) was12.1% and severe
prosthetic AS (EOA≤1 cm2) was 0.8% respectively. Worse survival in the
presence of moderate-severe prosthetic AS was seen in biological valves
(115.2 months versus 133.7 months, p=0.001 for EOA≤1.5cm2 and
>1.5cm2 respectively). There was a statistically
significant correlation between survival and iEOA (Spearman’s rho=0.084,
p=0.001, BCa bootstrap 95% CI;0.050, 0.120). Moderate to severe PPM
(iEOA≤0.85cm2/m2) was a predictor of worse long term survival (HR 3.56;
95% CI: 1.37 - 9.25; p=0.009). Conclusion - Predicted prosthetic
moderate to severe AS and moderate to severe PPM adversely affect long
term survival. Smaller valves are associated with reduced survival in
all groups.