Deficiency in E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Parkin Exacerbates Chronic Alcohol
Intake-Induced Cardiomyopathy through an Ambra1-Dependent Mechanism
Abstract
Background and purpose: Chronic alcohol intake provoked unfavorable
geometric and functional changes in the heart along with altered
autophagy. Parkin, a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase encoded by PARK2
gene, governs mitochondrial homeostasis and mitophagy although its role
in alcoholic cardiomyopathy remains unclear. Experimental approach: This
study was designed to examine the role of Parkin in alcohol-induced
cardiomyopathy. Adult male wild-type (WT) and PARKIN2 knockout
(Parkin-/-) mice were placed on alcohol (4%) or control diet for 8
weeks. Echocardiographic and cardiomyocyte mechanical properties,
myocardial and mitochondrial morphology, autophagy and mitophagy were
evaluated. GFP-LC3 puncta was employed to assess autophagosome
formation. Key results: Our results revealed that alcohol intake led to
unfavorable geometric and contractile changes (enlarged left ventricular
chamber; decreased fractional shortening, ejection fraction, peak
shortening and velocity of shortening/relengthening, prolonged
relengthening duration), enlarged cardiomyocyte size and interstitial
fibrosis, as well as mitochondrial swelling with cristae disarrangement
and mitochondrial depolarization, the effects of which were exacerbated
by Parkin deficiency. Alcohol consumption promoted autophagy and
PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy, the effects of which were cancelled off
by Parkin knockout. Co-immunoprecipitation noted a tight interaction
between Parkin and Ambra1 (autophagy and beclin1 regulator 1). In vitro
study using neonatal rat cardiomyocytes revealed that Parkin
transfection ameliorated ethanol-induced changes in autophagy. However,
Ambra1 silencing negated Parkin-induced protection against
ethanol-induced autophagy. Conclusions and implications: Taken together,
these data suggest an integral role for Parkin in the face of alcoholic
challenge possibly through its interaction with Ambra1 to promote
autophagy and maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.