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Dynamics of oceanic slab tearing during transform-fault oblique subduction: Insights from 3D numerical modeling
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  • Jie Xin,
  • Huai Zhang,
  • Zhong-Hai Li,
  • Felipe Orellana-Rovirosa,
  • Liang Liu,
  • Yigang Xu,
  • Zhen Zhang,
  • Yaolin Shi
Jie Xin
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Huai Zhang
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Zhong-Hai Li
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Felipe Orellana-Rovirosa
Ocean Science and Engineering department, Southern China University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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Liang Liu
Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Yigang Xu
Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Zhen Zhang
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Yaolin Shi
University of Chinese Academy of Science
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Abstract

Oceanic slab vertical tearing is prevalently identified in the present Earth. More general background for vertical slab tearing is the transform-fault subduction during horizontally-oblique tectonic convergence. However, its geodynamic mechanisms are poorly understood to date. This work introduces a full numerical 3-D time-dependent Stokes’ thermo-mechanical flow model to investigate the characteristics and mechanism of vertical tearing of active transform-faulted oceanic slab during oblique subduction. We find that (i) transform-fault ages-offset and (ii) subduction horizontal obliqueness have the first-order control, even without the lateral physical-property differences. The overriding plate enforces (surface contact interaction) bending of one slab first, which superimposes the differential sinking driven by slabs-age-thickness differences. For obliqueness angles ≥30° and/or age-ratios of the secondly-bent to the firstly-bent slab being <0.6, well-developed slab vertical tearing is unavoidable inside the mantle. Quantifying the horizontal distance vector between sinking slabs, we find that young overall lithosphere (average <30 Myr, for any age ratio) at high subduction obliqueness angles (>~25°) tends to produce trench-parallel slab tearing. In contrast, combinations of small-intermediate obliqueness angles (0-30°) and age ratios with the slab that bends at the trench first being relatively older-thicker, tend to produce trench-perpendicular tearing, which is related to differential slabs-hinge retreat or rollback. These numerically-predicted scenarios and phenomena are consistent with plate-tear imaging results from subduction zones. Our modeling results also suggest that the continual along-trench variation in subduction dip angle may be related to oblique subduction’s early stages of evolution.