A Catchment-Scale Hydro-Biogeochemical Model for Studying Non-Point
Source Nitrate transport and Denitrification Process
Abstract
Rainfall runoff and leaching are the main driving forces that nitrogen,
an important non-point source (NPS) pollutant, enters streams, lakes and
groundwater. Hydrological processes thus play a pivotal role in NPS
pollutant transport. However, existing environmental models often use
oversimplified hydrological components and do not properly account for
overland flow process. To better track the pollutant transport at a
watershed scale, a new model is presented by integrating
nitrogen-related processes into a comprehensive hydrological model, the
Distributed Hydrology Soil and Vegetation Model (DHSVM). This new model,
called DHSVM-N, features a nitrate transport process at a fine
resolution, incorporates landscape connectivity, and enables proper
investigations of the interactions between hydrological and
biogeochemical processes. Results from the new model are compared with
those based on Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The new model is
shown capable of capturing the “hot spots” and spatial distribution
patterns of denitrification, reflecting the important role in which
heterogeneity of the watershed characteristics plays. In addition, a set
of control experiments are designed using DHSVM-N and its variant to
study the respective role of hydrology and nitrate transport process in
modeling the denitrification process. Our results highlight the
importance of adequately representing hydrological processes in modeling
denitrification. Results also manifest the importance of having a good
transport model with accurate flow pathways that considers realistic
landscape connectivity and topology in identifying the denitrification
hot spots and in properly estimating the amount of nitrate removed by
denitrification.