Abstract
Existing tidal input reduction approaches applied in accelerated
morphodynamic simulations aim to capture the dominant tidal forces in a
single or double representative tidal cycle, often referred to as a
“morphological tide’. These heavily simplified tidal signals fail to
represent the tidal extremes, and hence poorly represent the intertidal
areas that exert a major impact on the development of tidal asymmetry.
Here, a generic method is developed to construct a synthetic spring-neap
tidal cycle that (1) represents the original signal; (2) is exactly
periodic; and (3) is constructed directly from full-complexity boundary
information. The starting point is a fortnightly modulation of the
semi-diurnal tide to represent spring-neap variation, while conserving
periodicity. Diurnal tides and higher harmonics of the semi-diurnal tide
are included to represent the asymmetry of the tide. The amplitudes and
phases are then adjusted to give a best fit to histograms of water
levels and water level gradients. A depth-averaged model of the Ems
estuary (The Netherlands) demonstrates the effects of alternative tidal
input reduction techniques. Adopting the new approach, the shape of the
tidal wave is well-represented over the entire length of the estuary,
leading to an improved representation of extreme tidal conditions. In
particular, representing intertidal dynamics benefits from the new
approach, which is reflected by a more accurate simulation of residual
sand transport fluxes throughout the estuary. Morphological simulations
forced with the synthetic signal approach non-schematised tidal
dynamics, which improves the overall predictive capacity of
morphodynamic models.