Laboratory acousto-mechanical study into moisture-induced changes of
elastic properties in intact granite
Abstract
The water adsorption into pore spaces in brittle rocks affects wave
velocity, transmitted energy and corner frequency of transmitted elastic
waves. Experimental and theoretical studies have been performed to
characterize moisture-induced elastodynamic variations due to
macroporous effects; however, little attention has been paid to the
manner in which wetting of nanopores affect elastic wave transmission.
In this work, we extend our understanding of moisture-induced elastic
changes in a microcracked nanopore-dominated medium (80
\% of the surface area exhibits pore diameters below 10
nm). We studied acousto-mechanical response resulting from a gradual
wetting on a freestanding intact Herrnholz granite specimen over 98
hours using time-lapse ultrasonic and digital imaging techniques.
Linkages between acoustic attributes and adsorption-induced
stress/strain are established during the approach of wetting front. We
found that Gassmann theory, previously validated in channel-like
nanoporous media, breaks down in predicting P-wave velocity dispersion
of microcracked nanopore-dominated media. However, squirt flow – a
theory recognized to characterize wave dispersion and attenuation in
microcracked macropore-dominated media at pore scale – also accounts
for the observed dispersion of P-wave velocity in microcracked
nanopore-dominated media spanning stress regimes in both contraction and
extension. The transmitted energy change and the corner frequency shift
in direct P waves are explained and predicted by the elastic wave
propagation within P-wave first Fresnel zone and reflection on the
wetting front.