Evaluation of Groundwater Movement in Discontinuous Permafrost Regions
by Stable Isotopes
Abstract
Groundwater flow in discontinuous permafrost is complex and often
unpredictable. Frozen-soil obstructs flow causing groundwater to
re-route through thawed zones comprised of hydraulicly conductive soils.
Open taliks connect sub and suprapermafrost portions of aquifers
creating mixing of groundwater from these two zones with different water
qualities. In this study, spatial and temporal distributions of stable
isotopes 2H and 18O measured in a floodplain aquifer were used to
characterize groundwater flow in a discontinuous permafrost aquifer
located in a river floodplain. Results show enrichment in 2H and 18O in
shallow suprapermafrost groundwater through mixing of more enriched
precipitation recharge water with more depleted river recharge water.
Conversely, subpermafrost groundwater is depleted in 2H and 18O, similar
to δ18O and δ2H concentrations in river water. Low concentrations of
δ18O and δ2H measured at the water table identify areas of upward
flowing subpermafrost groundwater through open taliks into the
suprapermafrost portion of the aquifer. These open taliks are located
along slough channels and randomly located throughout the large body of
permafrost positioned in the floodplain. Well logs and the detectable
decrease in δ18O and δ2H in areas where open talik exist show that the
soils in open taliks are comprised of highly hydraulic conductive sands
and gravels compared to frozen soils which are mainly silt. Results from
this study show the process of permafrost degradation in floodplain
aquifers consisting of rapid thawing in areas of highly permeable soil
versus slow conductive heat transfer into low permeable silt layers.