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Role of sea surface physical processes in mixed-layer temperature changes during summer marine heat waves in the Chile-Peru Current System
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  • Kylene M Cooley,
  • Melanie R Fewings,
  • James A. Lerczak,
  • Larry O'Neill,
  • Kevin S Brown
Kylene M Cooley
Oregon State University, Oregon State University, Oregon State University

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Melanie R Fewings
Oregon State University, Oregon State University, Oregon State University
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James A. Lerczak
Oregon State University, Oregon State University, Oregon State University
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Larry O'Neill
Oregon State University, Oregon State University, Oregon State University
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Kevin S Brown
Oregon State University, Oregon State University, Oregon State University
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Abstract

We identified anomalously warm sea surface temperature (SST) events during 1980–2019 near the major upwelling center at Punta Lavapié in the central Chile-Peru Current System, using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis and focusing on time scales of 10 days to 6 months. Extreme warm SST anomalies on these time scales mostly occurred in the austral summer, December through February, and had spatial scales of 1000s of km. By compositing over the 37 most extreme warm events, we estimated terms in a heat budget for the ocean surface mixed layer at the times of strongest warming preceding the events. The net surface heat flux anomaly is too small to explain the anomalous warming, even when allowing for uncertainty in mixed-layer depth. The composite mean anomaly of wind stress, from satellite ocean vector wind swath data, during the 37 anomalous warming periods has a spatial pattern similar to the resulting warm SST anomalies, analogous to previous studies in the California Current System. The weakened surface wind stress suggests reduced entrainment of cold water from below the mixed layer. Within 100-200 km of the coast, the typical upwelling-favorable wind stress curl decreases, suggesting reduced upwelling of cold water. In a 1000-km area of anomalous warming offshore, the typical downwelling-favorable wind stress curl also decreases, implying reduced downward Ekman pumping, which would allow mixed-layer shoaling and amplify the effect of the positive climatological summertime net surface heat flux.