Abstract
Urbanization manifests rainfall anomalies both in and around the city.
While prior studies have assessed the effect of urban expansion as well
as city size, little is known about the impact of city shape on
rainfall. Here, idealized large eddy simulations (LES) coupled with the
Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are conducted to bridge the
knowledge gap. Results indicate difference in the timing for
urban-induced rainfall in the inland versus coastal environment. This is
associated with contrasting diurnal cycles of vertical velocity and
cloud water mixing ratio driven by the land-sea breeze. The impact of
city shape on rainfall is more evident in the coastal environment, as
buoyancy flows arise from cities alter the interactions between
urban-rural circulation and sea breeze. A circular city show nearly
22.0% larger rainfall accumulation and 78.6% greater rainfall
intensity compared to a triangular city over urban surfaces. Results
highlight the need for considering city shape for coastal urban
planning, as a potential adaptation strategy to manage rainfall under
future climate. Results indicate that coarser models which represent
impervious surface area but not the right shape would have a higher
uncertainty in simulating rainfall changes.