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Prediction of Off-Fault Deformation from Experimental Strike-slip Fault Structures using the Convolutional Neural Networks
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  • Laainam Chaipornkaew,
  • Hanna Elston,
  • Michele L. Cooke,
  • Tapan Mukerji,
  • Stephan Alan Graham
Laainam Chaipornkaew
Stanford University

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Hanna Elston
University of Massachusetts Amherst
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Michele L. Cooke
University of Massachusetts Amherst
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Tapan Mukerji
Stanford University
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Stephan Alan Graham
Stanford University
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Abstract

Crustal deformation occurs both as localized slip along faults and distributed deformation off faults; however, we have few robust estimates of off-fault deformation. Scaled physical experiments simulate crustal strike-slip faulting and allow direct measurement of fault slip to regional deformation, quantified as Kinematic Efficiency (KE). We offer an approach for KE prediction using a 2D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) trained directly on images of fault maps produced by physical experiments. A suite of experiments with different loading rate and basal boundary conditions, contribute over 13,000 fault maps throughout strike-slip fault evolution. Strain maps allow us to directly calculate KE and its uncertainty, utilized in the loss function and performance metric. The trained CNN achieves 91% accuracy in KE prediction of an unseen dataset. The application of the CNN trained on scaled experiments to crustal fault maps provides estimates of off-fault deformation that overlap available geologic estimates.