A first intercomparison of the simulated LGM carbon results within
PMIP-carbon: role of the ocean boundary conditions
Abstract
Model intercomparison studies of coupled carbon-climate simulations have
the potential to improve our understanding of the processes explaining
the pCO2 drawdown at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and
to identify related model biases. Models participating in the
Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) now frequently
include the carbon cycle. The ongoing PMIP-carbon project provides the
first opportunity to conduct multimodel comparisons of simulated carbon
content for the LGM time window. However, such a study remains
challenging due to differing implementation of ocean boundary conditions
(e.g. bathymetry and coastlines reflecting the low sea level) and to
various associated adjustments of biogeochemical variables (i.e.
alkalinity, nutrients, dissolved inorganic carbon). After assessing the
ocean volume of PMIP models at the pre-industrial and LGM, we
investigate the impact of these modelling choices on the simulated
carbon at the global scale, using both PMIP-carbon model outputs and
sensitivity tests with the iLOVECLIM model. We show that the carbon
distribution in reservoirs is significantly affected by the choice of
ocean boundary conditions in iLOVECLIM. In particular, our simulations
demonstrate a ~250 GtC effect of an alkalinity
adjustment on carbon sequestration in the ocean. Finally, we observe
that PMIP-carbon models with a freely evolving CO2 and
no additional glacial mechanisms do not simulate the
pCO2 drawdown at the LGM (with concentrations as high as
313, 331 and 315 ppm), especially if they use a low ocean volume. Our
findings suggest that great care should be taken on accounting for large
bathymetry changes in models including the carbon cycle.