Temporal Seismic Velocity Changes During the 2020 Rapid Inflation at Mt.
Thorbjorn-Svartsengi, Iceland, Using Seismic Ambient Noise
Abstract
Repeated periods of inflation-deflation in the vicinity of the
Svartsengi volcanic system, SW-Iceland, were detected in January-July
2020. We used seismic interferometry to characterize temporal variations
of seismic velocities (dv/v). The station closest to the inflation
source center (~1km) showed the largest velocity drop
(~1%). The frequency-depth analyses, using frequencies
between 0.1 to 2 Hz, showed the dv/v are sensitive to changes occurring
at depths down to ~4km, which agrees with modeled strain
changes. The dv/v correlates with the deformation measurements (GPS,
InSAR), over the periods, indicating similar crustal processes. We
interpret the velocity drop to be caused by crack opening triggered by
intrusive magmatic activity. We have monitored dv/v variations in near
real-time for the first time in Iceland during volcanic unrest. We
conclude that single-station cross-component analyses provide the most
robust solutions which may be useful for early detection of magmatic
activity.