Modulation of storm-time mid-latitude ionosphere by
magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling 2
Abstract
We describe mid-latitude plasma density striations (MDS) modulating the
evening side of Storm Enhanced Density (SED) by magnetosphere-ionosphere
coupling. The MDS are magnetically conjugate, and they consist of
elongated density structures [enhancements (plumes) and depletions
(troughs)] that extend from the equator to the main trough equatorward
boundary. Each density perturbation is associated with a flow channel,
and they develop progressively at all latitudes. We present a detailed
analysis of the MDS during the 7-8 September 2017 storm, by virtue of
remote and in-situ observations of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system.
We find that the density plumes are a result of local plasma uplift, and
poleward and westward plasma transport guided by the adjacent flow
channels. While the MDS’s troughs bear some resemblance to the depletion
patterns associated with equatorial plasma bubbles, it has been found to
be quite distinct, both in terms of its observational manifestations and
its formation mechanism. Namely, the trough is associated with enhanced
flow channels peaking at the edges, with elevated electron and ion
temperatures. Crucial spacecraft measurements of plasma parameters in
the ionosphere and plasmasphere near the equatorial plane
($L\approx1.9$) unambiguously show conjugate nature of
the MDS. In particular, the magnetospheric electric field
intensifications lie just earthward of the injected
$<$200~keV ions at the ion pressure
gradient.