Investigating Recent Changes in MJO Precipitation and Circulation in Two
Reanalyses
Abstract
Recent work using CMIP5 models under RCP8.5 suggests that individual
multimodel-mean changes in precipitation and wind variability associated
with the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) are not detectable until the
end of the 21st century. However, a decrease in the ratio of MJO
circulation to precipitation anomaly amplitude is detectable as early as
2021-2040, consistent with an increase in dry static stability as
predicted by weak-temperature-gradient balance. Here, we examine MJO
activity in two reanalyses (ERA5 and MERRA-2) and find a detectable
decrease in the ratio of MJO circulation to precipitation anomaly
amplitude over the observational period, consistent with the change in
dry static stability. MJO wind and precipitation anomalies individually
increase in strength relative to the start of the record, but these
changes are non-monotonic. These results suggest that
weak-temperature-gradient theory may be able to help explain changes in
MJO activity in recent decades.