A +CG flash caused by a sequence of bidirectional leaders that served to
form a ground-reaching branch of a pre-existing horizontal channel
Abstract
High‐speed video and electric field change data were used to analyze the
initiation and propagation of four predominantly vertical bidirectional
leaders making connection to a predominantly horizontal channel
previously formed aloft. The four bidirectional leaders sequentially
developed along the same path and served to form a positive branch of
the horizontal in-cloud channel, which became a downward positive leader
producing a 135-kA positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) return stroke. The
positive (lower) end of each bidirectional leader elongated abruptly at
the time of connection of the negative (upper) end to the pre-existing
channel aloft. Twenty-six negative streamer-like filaments (resembling
recently reported “needles”) extended sideways over
~100 to 750 m from the pre-existing horizontal channel
at speeds of ~0.5 to 1.9 ×10^7 m/s, in response to
the injection of negative charge associated with the +CG.