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Simulation of rockfall generated seismic signals and the influence of surface topography
  • +9
  • Julian Kuehnert,
  • Anne Mangeney,
  • Yann Capdeville,
  • Jean-Philippe Métaxian,
  • Luis Fabian Bonilla,
  • Eleonore Stutzmann,
  • Emmanuel Chaljub,
  • Patrice Boissier,
  • Christophe Brunet,
  • Philippe Kowalski,
  • Frédéric Lauret,
  • Clément Hibert
Julian Kuehnert
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris

Corresponding Author:julian.b.kuehnert@gmail.com

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Anne Mangeney
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
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Yann Capdeville
Université de Nantes, Université de Nantes
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Jean-Philippe Métaxian
ISTerre, ISTerre
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Luis Fabian Bonilla
Universite Gustave Eiffel, Universite Gustave Eiffel
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Eleonore Stutzmann
Institut De Physique Du Globe De Paris, Institut De Physique Du Globe De Paris
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Emmanuel Chaljub
Université Grenoble Alpes
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Patrice Boissier
IPGP, IPGP
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Christophe Brunet
IPGP
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Philippe Kowalski
IPGP, IPGP
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Frédéric Lauret
IPGP / UMR 7154
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Clément Hibert
Institut De Physique Du Globe De Strasbourg, Institut De Physique Du Globe De Strasbourg
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Abstract

Rockfalls seismic waves contain valuable information on event properties. However, as rockfalls predominately occur in mountainous regions, generated seismic waves are prone to be affected by strong surface topography. For this reason, the influence of topography on the wavefield, in particular surface wave propagation, is investigated using the Spectral Element Method on a 3D domain with realistic surface topography of Dolomieu crater on Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion. Topography induced ground motion modification is studied relative to a flat reference model. Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) and total kinetic energy can be (de-)amplified by factors up to 10 and 20, respectively. The spatial distribution of the amplification is strongly influenced by the underlying geology as shallow low velocities guide energy along the surface. Simulations on different topographies suggest that the wavefield is affected more by variations of crater curvature than crater depth. To reveal the effect of topography on recorded signals at Dolomieu crater, inter-station spectral ratios are computed. It is demonstrated that these ratios can only be simulated when taking into account surface topography while the comparisons suggest that the direction of the acting source and the resulting radiation patterns can be ignored. Finally, the seismic signature of single impacts is studied. Comparison with simulations help to associate signal pulses to impact sources. It is revealed that a single impact can provoke complex waveforms of multiple peaks, especially when considering topography. Impact forces derived from Hertz contact theory result in comparable magnitudes of real and simulated signal amplitudes.
Oct 2020Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth volume 125 issue 10. 10.1029/2020JB019874