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Multi-point Conjugate Observations of Dayside ULF Waves during an Extended Period of Radial IMF
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  • Xueling Shi,
  • Michael D. Hartinger,
  • J. B. H. Baker,
  • John Michael Ruohoniemi,
  • Dong Lin,
  • Zhonghua Xu,
  • Shane Coyle,
  • Bharat Simha Reddy Kunduri,
  • Liam Kilcommons,
  • Anna Willer
Xueling Shi
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Michael D. Hartinger
Space Science Institute
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J. B. H. Baker
Virginia Tech
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John Michael Ruohoniemi
Virginia Tech
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Dong Lin
National Center for Atmospheric Research
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Zhonghua Xu
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
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Shane Coyle
Virginia Tech
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Bharat Simha Reddy Kunduri
Virginia Tech
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Liam Kilcommons
University of Colorado Boulder
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Anna Willer
Technical University of Denmark
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Abstract

Long-lasting Pc5 ultralow frequency (ULF) waves spanning the dayside and extending from L~5.5 into the polar cap region were observed by conjugate ground magnetometers. Observations from MMS satellites in the magnetosphere and magnetometers on the ground confirmed that the ULF waves on closed field lines were due to fundamental toroidal field line resonances (FLRs). Monochromatic waves at lower latitudes tended to maximize their power away from noon in both the morning and afternoon sectors, while more broadband waves at higher latitudes tended to have a wave power maximum near noon. The wave power distribution and anti-sunward wave propagation suggest surface waves on a Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) unstable magnetopause coupled with FLRs. Based on satellite observations in the foreshock/magnetosheath, the more turbulent ion foreshock during an extended period of radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) likely plays an important role in providing seed perturbations for the growth of the KH waves.
Nov 2020Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics volume 125 issue 11. 10.1029/2020JA028364