Using Postglacial Eolian Dune Depositional Ages from Northeast Alberta,
Canada to Assess the Likelihood of Northwestward Routing of Lake Agassiz
Overflow at the Onset of the Younger Dryas Cold Event
Abstract
The release of freshwater into the North Atlantic by glacial Lake
Agassiz towards the end of the last glacial period is hypothesized to
have triggered the Younger Dryas (Y.D.) cold event of 12.9 -11.7 ka ago.
It is thought that the influx of freshwater into the Atlantic weakened
meridional overturning circulation, impeding heat transport to the
northern latitudes. A subject of debate at present is how the freshwater
released from Lake Agassiz was routed to the ocean. One suggestion is
that the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) from the Lake
Superior Basin allowed water from Lake Agassiz, which was flowing south
to the Gulf of Mexico, to be redirected eastward via the St Lawrence
River to reach the Atlantic. Reported surface exposure ages indicate
that the St Lawrence River route became available between 13.0 and 12.7
ka ago, timing that is coincident with the onset of the Y.D. event. An
alternative route for the drainage from Lake Agassiz is that it flowed
northwestwards to the Arctic Ocean via the Mackenzie River in northwest
Canada. This suggestion has been affirmed by some modeling studies that
found that meridional overturning in the North Atlantic would have been
weakened more significantly if freshwater was introduced via the Arctic.
A flow path, and deposits that have been identified on the Canadian
Arctic Coastal Plain have yielded luminescence ages indicating that a
major flood event occurred sometime between 13.0 and 11.7 ka ago. From
that age range, however, it is not possible to ascertain if the flood
triggered the Y.D. Thus, in this study, in order to determine a more
precise timeline for the northwestward drainage of Lake Agassiz, we
collected postglacial eolian dune sands from northeast Alberta, Canada,
an area through which water from Lake Agassiz would have had to pass in
order to reach the Arctic Ocean. The dune sands were sourced by wind
from sediments left behind following the drainage of glacial Lake
McConnell which had also been dammed in the region by the LIS.
Preliminary luminescence ages obtained from the eolian sands suggest
that northeast Alberta was free of both ice and glacial lakes by
13.5-12.5 ka ago. This indicates that flow from Lake Agassiz via the
Mackenzie River cannot be excluded as a trigger for the Y.D. since the
northwestward drainage path appears to have also been available at the
start of the event.