Extreme Value Snow Water Equivalent and Snowmelt for Infrastructure
Design over the Contiguous United States
Abstract
Snowmelt-driven floods result in large societal and economic impacts on
local communities including infrastructure failures in the U.S. However,
the current U.S. government standard design precipitation maps are based
on liquid precipitation data (e.g. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration’s Precipitation-Frequency Atlas 14; NOAA Atlas 14) with
very limited guidance on snowmelt-driven floods. In this study, we
developed 25- and 100-year return level design snow water equivalent
(SWE) and snowmelt maps using long-term observation-based gridded SWE
incorporating the national snow model product (SNOw Data Assimilation
System; SNODAS) over the contiguous U.S. The magnitudes of design
snowmelt from this study exceed the NOAA Atlas 14 design precipitation
maps by up to 140 and 200 mm in the northeastern U.S.; 160 and 240 mm in
the north central U.S.; and 190 and 300 mm the western mountain U.S. for
the 25- and 100-year return levels, respectively. The snowmelt frequency
estimates from this study complement the NOAA Atlas 14 design
precipitation and may provide additional guidance on infrastructure
design for snowmelt- flooding over snow-dominant regions in the
continental U.S.