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40 Years of Föhn Winds on the Antarctic Peninsula: Impact on Surface Melt from 1979-2018
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  • Matthew Laffin,
  • Charles Zender,
  • Sameer Singh,
  • Melchior van Wessem
Matthew Laffin
University of California, Irvine

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Charles Zender
University of California, Irvine
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Sameer Singh
University of California, Irvine
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Melchior van Wessem
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht
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Abstract

Warm and dry föhn winds on the lee side of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) mountain range cause surface melt that can destabilize vulnerable ice shelves. Topographic funneling of these winds through mountain passes and canyons leads to localized wind-induced melt which is difficult to identify without direct measurements. Our Föhn Detection Algorithm (FonDA) identifies the surface Föhn signature using data from twelve Automatic Weather Stations on the AP and uses machine learning to detect föhn in 5km Regional Atmospheric Climate Model 2 (RACMO2.3p2) output and ERA5 reanalysis data. We estimate and compare the climatology and impact of föhns on the AP surface energy budget, surface melt pattern, and melt quantity from 1979-2018. We show that föhn-induced melt is strongest at the eastern base of the AP and the northern portion of the Larsen C ice shelf. We identify previously unknown wind-induced melt possibly katabatic in nature on the Wilkins and George VI ice shelves. Neither RACMO2 nor ERA5 datasets show a significant increase in föhn melt thus far despite a more positive Southern Annular Mode and increasing surface temperatures. The warming climate and associated southward shift of westerly winds on the AP suggest a likely increase in the wind-induced melt that can densify firn, form melt ponds, and weaken ice shelf stability, however that trend remains insignificant for the past 40 years.